Orthodox Jewish Thoughts on the Ten Lost Tribes

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From: yair davidi (britam@netvision.net.il)
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: Brit-Am and the Ten Lost Tribes

BRIT-AM COMMENTARIES ON THE TEN LOST TRIBES

BRIT-AM is an ORTHODOX JEWISH Organization

#1) Do Orthodox Jews believe in Replacement theology? NO
#2) Do Orthodox Jews believe in Christian British Israelism? NO

"Brit-Am Israel". (Brit = Covenant, Am = People in Hebrew)

"Brit-Am Israel" at present is headed by Yair Davidy and by Rabbi Abraham Feld.

The address of "Brit-Am Israel" is Yair Davidy, "Brit-Am Israel", P.O.B. 595, Jerusalem 91004, Israel.

The e-mail is : britam@netvision.net.il

"BRIT-AM ISRAEL" BELIEVES:

* The Hebrew Bible is the message of God.

* Out of the original 12 Tribes of Israel Ten were lost. Two remained. The present-day Jews are descended mainly from the two remaining Tribes of Judah and Benjamin.

* The Khazars were a Kingdom in southern Russia many of whose leaders converted to Judaism. The Khazars were descended from the Lost Ten Tribes. The Khazars were blood-relatives of the Picts who went to Scotland, and of the Anglo-Saxons, and of peoples in Scandinavia.

* In addition to the Khazars, many other converts to Judaism through the ages were descended from assimilated Jews or from members of the Lost Ten Tribes.

* Most of the Lost Ten Tribes migrated to Northwest and Western Europe and their descendants are now in those areas or in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

* We do not claim that all residents of the said nations are descended from Israel. We do however affirm that most descendants of the Lost Ten Tribes are residents of those nations. On the whole they are unaware of their Israelite Identity. Even so in the course of history the Israelite origins of peoples in those areas have influenced national developments and national characteristics.

* The Tribe of Joseph was divided into two other Tribes: Ephraim and Menasseh. People from ALL of the Israelite Tribes congregated in North America but in general the U.S.A. is dominated by Menasseh. Britain has characteristics of Ephraim.

* Reuben was important in France, Issachar in Switzerland, Benjamin in Belgium, Zebulon in Holland, Dan in Denmark, Naphtali in Norway, Gad in Sweden, the country of Finland was influenced by the Tribes of Simeon, Issachar, and Gad; Simeon, Dan, and Ephraim were important in Ireland.

* There is a need for the present-day "Jews" of Judah and the Lost Ten Tribes to recognize each other, and to work towards re-unification and reconciliation.

* Proof exists confirming "Brit-Am Israel" Identity beliefs. Some of the evidence has been presented in works by Yair Davidy such as "The Tribes" (1993), "Ephraim" (1995), and "Lost Israelite Identity" (1996), as well as in articles in our journal "Tribesman". Much additional evidence is available and needs to be uncovered and published. Our sources include the Bible, Talmud, Midrashim, Commentators, Classical Greek and Roman historians, Chroniclers, Legends, Linguistics, Archaeology, and where pertinent racial and other scientific studies.

* Even though much of the evidence has been revealed by ourselves it is not ours alone. Our proofs have never been properly refuted. The basic claims we have made are irrefutable. If one cannot deny our claims and there is nobody else who can it follows that one should accept them. This means that the identity of the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel with western peoples should be acknowledged. Once this acknowledgment is forthcoming it is possible to discuss whatever practical conclusions need to be made.

IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE, IN DISCUSSION, AND/OR IN JOINING "BRIT-AM ISRAEL", please make contact by Return Mail.

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NOTE FROM EDDIE:

FYI: Yair Davidy is an ORTHODOX JEW. He does NOT believe in:

#1) Replacement theology
#2) Christian British Israelism

Yair Davidy / Brit-Am / Orthodox Jews DO believe in:

#1) The Restoration of BOTH houses of Israel in the future (the Messianic redemption or the Ingathering of the Exiles) (Ezekiel 37:15-28) when the house of Israel (The Ten Lost Tribes) join
themselves to / with the house of Judah in the end of days.

Yours for the restoration of both houses of Israel,

Eddie Chumney
Hebraic Heritage Ministries Int'l

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From: yair davidi (britam@netvision.net.il)
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: VaYishlach s.6,7

[GEN 35:19] AND RACHEL DIED, AND WAS BURIED IN THE WAY TO EPHRATH, WHICH IS BETHLEHEM.

[GEN 35:20] AND JACOB SET A PILLAR UPON HER GRAVE: THAT IS THE PILLAR OF RACHEL'S GRAVE UNTO THIS DAY.

"A PILLAR" In Hebrew "Matzava" just as likely a dolmen i.e. two upright rocks with another laid like a table-top between them. Dolmens form a trail from Israel to the Caucasus, to Spain, Western France, Holland, Britain, Ireland, and Scandinavia. This trail hasethnic implications. Jeremiah according to the Hebrew text and rabbinical Commentators (see "Ephraim") told the
exiled Israelites to set up a "trail" of dolmens showing their path of migration in order to facilitate their return in the Last Days .

Jeremiah Ch 31 talks of Ephraim and refers to him as a young bull or Aegel which was an alternative term for the Angles who gave their name to England. He speaksof the Lost Ten Tribes and then continues:

Jeremiah 31;21: "SET YOURSELF UP WAYMARKS, MAKE HIGH HEAPS: SET YOUR HEART TOWARDS THE HIGHWAYS; THE WAY YOU WENT IN: TURN AGAIN, O
VIRGIN OF ISRAEL, TURN AGAIN TO THESE, YOUR CITIES.

The word translated above as "WAYMARKS" in the original Hebrew is "Tzionim" which strictly speaking means "signs" but in spoken Hebrew is usually used to denote a stone erection marking a grave or event.

The most literal explanation of this verse amongst the Classical Authoritative Rabbinical Commentators is that given by the "Radak" (Rabbi David Kimchi, 1157-1236) of Narbonne, France. The Radak says:

"SET YOURSELF UP WAYMARKS" (Jeremiah 31): This was directed to the Community of Israel, that in the generation when they would be exiled they should set up waymarks [i.e. "tsionim"] such as PILED-UP STONES OR STONE MONUMENTS. The purpose of these monuments was to mark the paths [of migration for the sake of future recognition]. The meaning
was to say that even though you will be exiled, hope is not lost and you are still destined to return to these your cities. "MAKE YOURSELF HIGH HEAPS" [Hebrew: "tamrurim"]. The same message is repeated though the wording is changed since both "tamrurim" [i.e. "high heaps"] and "tsionim" (i.e. "waymarks") connote elevated-height [from the root "tamar"]...

Bearing in mind that according to the previous verse (31;20) Jeremiah is addressing himself to Ephraim, the verse in Jeremiah 31;21may therefore be understood to say:

"Set yourself up stone monuments [menhirs, dolmens] and high heaps of stones [cairns] [i.e. "Megalithic" monuments!]. Set your heart towards the prepared way: The way in which you went. Turn back o virgin of Israel, return unto these cities of yours.

Dolmens and related monuments are found in the Land of Israel, in Jordan, in the Caucasus, in Spain, Brittany (France), Britain, and Scandinavia.There are several types of dolmens and examples have also been reported from Ethiopia, Japan and India22. Eastern dolmens are somewhat different from those of Israel and the west. The type of dolmen found in the area of ancient Israel (on both sides of the Jordan River) is the same as that found in Western Europe:

[GEN 36:43] DUKE MAGDIEL, DUKE IRAM: THESE BE THE DUKES OF EDOM, ACCORDING TO THEIR HABITATIONS IN THE LAND OF THEIR POSSESSION: HE IS
ESAU THE FATHER OF THE EDOMITES.

"DUKE MAGDIEL" was the real founder of Rome according to tradition. "ESAU THE FATHER OF THE EDOMITES" in my opinion became a cultic figure and assimilated with the pagan
images of Tammuz and company. You also have Horus and Seth in Egyptian mythology. I believe that the Egyptians equated Seth with Israel but in some ways Seth was also similar to Esau: a wild man, red-haired, etc. Archaeological excavations show that the Northern Israelites (who became the Ten Tribes) were steeped in Egyptian Mythology and culture. The wife of Joseph was Egyptian. Jeroboam who led the breakaway of the Ten Tribes from Judah had spend many years in Egypt.

Yair Davidy
Brit-Am Israel
POB 595
Jerusalem 91004
Israel

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From: Yair Davidi (britam@netvision.net.il)
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: VaYechi s.4

VaYechi s.4
[GEN 49:1] AND JACOB CALLED UNTO HIS SONS, AND SAID, GATHER YOURSELVES TOGETHER, THAT I MAY TELL YOU THAT WHICH SHALL BEFALL YOU IN THE LAST DAYS.

"IN THE LAST DAYS" This prophecy was pertinent to the Latter Time prior to the messianic Era. Many believe that we are in the times spoken of.

[GEN 49:4] UNSTABLE AS WATER, THOU SHALT NOT EXCEL; BECAUSE THOU WENTEST UP TO THY FATHER'S BED; THEN DEFILEDST THOU IT: HE WENT UP TO MY COUCH.

We identify Reuben with France. The Zohar said this referred to a future attempt by Reuben to conquer Jerusalem and fighting in Israel. The Franks (French) led the Crusades that did conquer Jerusalem for awhile. Will the French participate in a future attempted European intervention in Israel?

[GEN 49:5] SIMEON AND LEVI ARE BRETHREN; INSTRUMENTS OF CRUELTY ARE IN THEIR HABITATIONS.

Simeon = mainly Celts (Irish, Welsh, Bretons a lot in Quebec) Levi = mainly amongst the Jews. Also many teachers and policemen from Simeon and Levi/

[GEN 49:6] O MY SOUL, COME NOT THOU INTO THEIR SECRET; UNTO THEIR ASSEMBLY, MINE HONOUR, BE NOT THOU UNITED: FOR IN THEIR ANGER THEY SLEW A MAN, AND IN THEIR SELFWILL THEY DIGGED DOWN A WALL.

"THEY SLEW A MAN" the menfolk of Schechem? "A WALL" in Hebrew "shor". The same word also means "bull" and a "bull" symbolizes Joseph. England is nicknamed John Bull.

[GEN 49:7] CURSED BE THEIR ANGER, FOR IT WAS FIERCE; AND THEIR WRATH, FOR IT WAS CRUEL: I WILL DIVIDE THEM IN JACOB, AND SCATTER THEM IN
ISRAEL.

[GEN 49:8] JUDAH, THOU ART HE WHOM THY BRETHREN SHALL PRAISE: THY HAND SHALL BE IN THE NECK OF THINE ENEMIES; THY FATHER'S CHILDREN SHALL BOW DOWN BEFORE THEE.

In the last days the righteousness of the faith of Judah will be acknowledged:

"In those days ten men out of all the languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you" (Zechariah 8;23).

Before he died Israel blessed his sons. He said unto Judah "Yehudah Atah Yoduchah Acheecha" (In Genesis 49;9). This is translated in the KJ as "Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall
praise..." but actually in Hebrew the verse says: "Yehudah, you are he whom your brothers shall acknowledge the righteousness of": The key word "Yoducha" [translated in the KJ as "shall praise] means "acknowledge the righteousness of" i.e. the brothers of Judah, the other tribes, the tribes that went into exile and lost their identity, that did not keep the law are destined to acknowledge that Judah had been in the right.

[GEN 49:10] THE SCEPTRE SHALL NOT DEPART FROM JUDAH, NOR A LAWGIVER FROM BETWEEN HIS FEET, UNTIL SHILOH COME; AND UNTO HIM SHALL THE GATHERING OF THE PEOPLE BE.

"SHILOH COME" usually explained to mean the Messiah. Menasseh ben Israel was a friend of Oliver Cromwell who financed him and of John Sadler who wrote a book identifying English
traditional institutions with those of ancient Israel. Menasseh was the Chief Rabbi of Holland. He explained the above verse (n his book "Conciliator") as: [GEN 49:10] THE SCEPTRE SHALL NOT DEPART FROM JUDAH, i.e. Judah shall always be recognizable as an Israelite Tribe.

NOR A LAWGIVER FROM BETWEEN HIS FEET, UNTIL SHILOH COME; AND UNTO HIM SHALL THE GATHERING OF THE PEOPLE BE.

The Messiah will enable individuals from the Lost Ten Tribes to know what Tribe they belong to. In our days most of us cannot be sure. We can only make educated guesses that in some cases be accurate. The messiah will confirm everybody's identity to them.

Yair Davidy
Brit-Am Israel
POB 595
Jerusalem 91004
Israel

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From: yair davidi (britam@netvision.net.il)
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: "Brocah" s.1, 2

Brocah:
"Brocah" s.1, 2

s.1
[DEUT 33:1] AND THIS IS THE BLESSING, WHEREWITH MOSES THE MAN OF GOD BLESSED THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL BEFORE HIS DEATH. "THE MAN OF GOD":

[DEUT 33:4] MOSES COMMANDED US A LAW, EVEN THE INHERITANCE OF THE CONGREGATION OF JACOB.

"INHERITANCE OF THE CONGREGATION OF JACOB": The Law is the inheritance of all Israel. The Lost Ten Tribes are temporarily absolved from the Law and on the individual level are considered as Gentiles but in the future they will return, receive affirmation of their Israelite identity, and re-accept the Law.

[DEUT 33:6] LET REUBEN LIVE, AND NOT DIE; AND LET NOT HIS MEN BE FEW. We identify Reuben with groups that settled primarily in France and greatly influenced the French national character: passionate, unstable, cultured, refined, sensitive, justice-seekers, daring, etc.

[DEUT 33:7] AND THIS IS THE BLESSING OF JUDAH: AND HE SAID, HEAR, LORD, THE VOICE OF JUDAH, AND BRING HIM UNTO HIS PEOPLE: LET HIS HANDS
BE SUFFICIENT FOR HIM; AND BE THOU AN HELP TO HIM FROM HIS ENEMIES.

"JUDAH" represents the present-day Jews. Other tribes prominent amongst the Jews include Simeon, Levi, and Benjamin all of which are considered in today's study. "HEAR, LORD, THE VOICE OF JUDAH" -according to tradition this is referring to Simeon who is not mentioned expressly in the blessings of this portion. Throughout the Bible a quorum of twelve tribes is maintained though actually there were 13 tribes. The quorum is maintained by either subsuming Simeon with Judah, or leaving out Levi who was scattered throughout the other tribes, or counting Ephraim and Menasseh as one tribe of Joseph.

"BRING HIM UNTO HIS PEOPLE" Judah needs to be reconciliated with the Lost Ten Tribes.

s.2
[DEUT 33:8] AND OF LEVI HE SAID, LET THY THUMMIM AND THY URIM BE WITH THY HOLY ONE, WHOM THOU DIDST PROVE AT MASSAH, AND WITH WHOM THOU DIDST STRIVE AT THE WATERS OF MERIBAH;

"LEVI" is primarily amongst the present-day Jews. Both Judah and Levi are linked strongly with the Law and both are to be found mainly amongst the Jewish people. Small offshoots of Levi were also to be found elsewhere, e.g. in Northern Italy and according to many amongst the Welsh.

[DEUT 33:9] WHO SAID UNTO HIS FATHER AND TO HIS MOTHER, I HAVE NOT SEEN HIM; NEITHER DID HE ACKNOWLEDGE HIS BRETHREN, NOR KNEW HIS OWN CHILDREN: FOR THEY HAVE OBSERVED THY WORD, AND KEPT THY COVENANT.

[DEUT 33:10] THEY SHALL TEACH JACOB THY JUDGMENTS, AND ISRAEL THY LAW: THEY SHALL PUT INCENSE BEFORE THEE, AND WHOLE BURNT SACRIFICE UPON THINE ALTAR.

"ISRAEL THY LAW" the Lost Ten Tribes at some stage will learn the Law anew.

[DEUT 33:11] BLESS, LORD, HIS SUBSTANCE, AND ACCEPT THE WORK OF HIS HANDS; SMITE THROUGH THE LOINS OF THEM THAT RISE AGAINST HIM, AND OF THEM THAT HATE HIM, THAT THEY RISE NOT AGAIN. "SMITE THROUGH THE LOINS OF THEM THAT RISE AGAINST HIM":

Levi and Judah are prominent amongst the Jews and here he have a warning to those who would seek to harm them to be careful.

[DEUT 33:12] AND OF BENJAMIN HE SAID, THE BELOVED OF THE LORD SHALL DWELL IN SAFETY BY HIM; AND THE LORD SHALL COVER HIM ALL THE DAY LONG, AND HE SHALL DWELL BETWEEN HIS SHOULDERS.

"BENJAMIN" is also dominant amongst the present day Jews. We have traced descendants of Benjamin also to the Normans who conquered England in 1066 and to the Belgae (Walloons) of Belgium. Present-day Belgium is comprised of French-speaking Walloons and Flemish who speak a German-type dialect. Israelites are present amongst both groups but it was the Walloons who were the most opposed to German occupation. The Walloons descend from the ancient Celtic Belgae. Belgae were also present in Britain and Ireland.

For a subscription of four issues of BRIT-AM write to:
Yair Davidy
POB 595
Jerusalem 91004
Israel.

BRIT-AM is a magazine that carries a unique message and contains information vital to you and the future.

http://www.geocities.com/hiberi/tribesman.html

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From: Yair Davidi (britam@netvision.net.il)
To:    heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: VaYigash s. 1, 2

VaYigash:

This week's portion is called "VaYigash" translated as "THEN [He, i.e. JUDAH] CAME NEAR" in the first verse of the portion.

s.1
[GEN 44:18] THEN JUDAH CAME NEAR UNTO HIM, AND SAID, OH MY LORD, LET THY SERVANT, I PRAY THEE, SPEAK A WORD IN MY LORD'S EARS, AND LET NOT THINE ANGER BURN AGAINST THY SERVANT: FOR THOU ART EVEN AS PHARAOH.

"CAME NEAR" in Hebrew "vayigash". Commentators emphasized the traumatic experience this was for Judah. He was prepared to beg, bargain, and threaten all at once. In the case of Joseph he had failed morally and otherwise. He was not going to let it happen again. Joseph was the son of Rachel the favorite wife of Jacob and the wife for whom he had indentured himself. Leah his other wife had been inserted through trickery. Thiswas before the giving of the Mosaic Law so different laws were then effective. The rights of the firstborn could be moved from one son to another according to certain rules and the will of the father. Jacob had four wives but only Leah and Rachel were the senior ones. The firstborn was Reuben but he lost the birthright
through his father's concubine. Then cam Simeon and Levi but they misbehaved by overzealously destroying the menfolk of Schehcem. Then came Judah. Judah from the beginning was something of a decision-maker, independent, and locally regarded as some kind of prince in his own right. Joseph was the firstborn of Rachel the favorite wife. Joseph was to receive the birthright but the rights of rulership were to be given to, Judah.

[1Chr 5:1] Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright. [1Chr 5:2] For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:)

[GEN 45:5] NOW THEREFORE BE NOT GRIEVED, NOR ANGRY WITH YOURSELVES, THAT YE SOLD ME HITHER: FOR GOD DID SEND ME BEFORE YOU TO PRESERVE LIFE.

Joseph went into exile due to Divine Providence. His task was to use the power and position he received through exile to save and assist the rest of his brothers. This was regardless of what merit or lack of merit the brothers had. Joseph had his Divinely-appointed task to fulfill and he was going to do it..

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From: Yair Davidi (britam@netvision.net.il)
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: Mekaetz s.3

Mekaetz

[GEN 41:51] AND JOSEPH CALLED THE NAME OF THE FIRSTBORN MANASSEH: FOR GOD, SAID HE, HATH MADE ME FORGET ALL MY TOIL, AND ALL MY FATHER'S HOUSE.

Extract from "Ephraim" MANASSEH

THE NAME "MENASSEH" IN HEBREW ENCAPSULATES THE MEANING OF NORTH AMERICAN DEMOCRACY!

The Patriarch Joseph son of Israel had two sons, Ephraim and Menasseh, whose names testified to aspects of their national destiny:

"AND UNTO JOSEPH WERE BORN TWO SONS BEFORE THE YEARS OF FAMINE CAME, WHICH ASENATH THE DAUGHTER OF POTIPHERA PRIEST OF ON BARE UNTO HIM.

"AND JOSEPH CALLED THE NAME OF THE FIRSTBORN MANASSEH: FOR GOD HAS CAUSED ME TO FORGET [Hebrew: Nashani] ALL MY TROUBLES AND MY FATHER'S FAMILY (Genesis 41;5051).

The Hebrew word translated above as "forget" is derived from a root, "NOSHE", connoting "movement from its proper place": One forgets when something "slips one's mind", as if to say that whatever has been forgotten has moved from its proper place in the brain's retrieval system. Similarly,

"AND JACOB WAS LEFT ALONE AND THERE WRESTLED A MAN WITH HIM.. "AND WHEN HE SAW THAT HE PREVAILED NOT AGAINST HIM, HE TOUCHED
THE HOLLOW OF HIS THIGH, AND THE HOLLOW OF JACOB'S THIGH WAS OUT OF JOINT AS HE WRESTLED WITH HIM........

"THEREFORE THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL EAT NOT OF THE DISPLACED NERVE*s [Hebrew: "Gid HaNosheh")... [GENESIS 32;24,25,32].

A linguistic analysis of the name "Manasseh" by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) extracted from his Commentary on the Book of Genesis brings out the following points: The sciatic nerve is called "Gid HaNoSHeh" meaning "the sinew that was displaced" (Genesis 32;33) when Jacob wrestled with the angel, and consequently (though victorious) limped away. By the same principle a creditor in Hebrew is called a "Nosheh" since what is rightfully his he has moved out of his domain and placed in charge of another and may demand an accounting of his own. Women collectively are called in the Plural "NoSHim" [and not "Ishoth" as they should logically be] since communally their collective rights are delegated elsewhere, i.e. in their husbands upon whom they have a claim to be represented by them. It follows that any name derived from this root "NoSHeH" has several possible connotations including "forget", "move, or slip", "credit or oblige an accounting" (i.e. hold responsible), or be responsible to and "represent". It seems that the name Menasseh (derived from the root "NaSHeH") may be understood to mean "responsible representation" which is the type of Democratic Government the U.S.A. sometimes seems to base its whole being upon.

Rabbi Hirsch (in free translation) says:

[Genesis 41;51:`.."Forget" is not the only meaning of "Nosheh". "Nosheh" also means: to be the bearer of a claim, to be a creditor.

[Genesis 32;33:]`"Nosheh" ...to have body or property in another's trust. Thus the "NoSHeH" (Creditor) has passed to another person part of his property and as a result he demands something from him...a woman in the singular [Hebrew: "Ishah"] ...complements (her husband) and stands by his side as an equal. In the plural [i.e. in the plural name for women, "NoSHim"], however, is revealed the communal status of woman. The woman surrenders some of her rights to the man and these rights are represented by him. Only in the mass, in the life of the general whole group, do women reveal themselves as weak and lacking resourcefulness. Women, however, are "Noshim" (i.e. "creditors") with a claim [to be represented] on the husband who owes it to them [S.R. Hirsch on Genesis 32;33]*t.

Rabbi Hirsch was basing himself on the assumption of Hebrew Law in which women were not counted in the aggregate as separate entities but as being represented by their husbands. They were therefore in sense electors of their husbands who represent them and are responsible to and for them. Rabbi Hirsch finds this same principle repeated in the use made of the name "Menasseh" which he says is derived from the same root-word. "Noshe" means to have a claim on the responsibility of another, or have a claim for representation: "MeNasseh" can mean make a representative responsible for; OR "Menasseh" as a noun or name could be used to mean the principle of responsible representation.

The relevant verse regarding the name MENASSEH, Genesis 41;51, says:

<<And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God has caused me to forget [Hebrew: 'Nashani'] all my troubles and my father's family (Genesis 41;5051).

S.R. Hirsch on the above states that "nashani" does not mean "forget" in case of the name "Menasseh" (Genesis 41;51 continued) but rather delegated representation:

<<The correct interpretation therefore of "Nashani" [from which the name "Menasseh is derived] is that God has made my tragedy and my [loss of] family credit claims. From that which till now appeared to be tragedy and torment God has made a tool to form my happiness. I am greatly obligated to my tragedy and [loss of] family>>.

In the light of the above observations and the Commentary of Rabbi S.R. Hirsch, the verse (Genesis 41;512) may be reformulated and understood as saying:

"And he called the name of the firstborn Menasseh: for of all my troubles and [loss of] my father's family, God has made representative agents [Hebrew: "nashani"=] acting on my behalf and to whom I am obliged"*u.

The name MENASSEH is therefore derivable from the root "Nosheh" as demonstrated in the above verse. A creditor is a "nosheh" because he has a claim on somebody else; women are "noshim" ["noshim" = plural of "noshe"!] because as a group they have a claim on their husbands to represent their interests. Joseph named his firstborn "Menasseh" because (through God's agency) he "owed" his success to his personal troubles and loss. These had become both his creditors and active agents on his behalf. "MENASSEH" according to the above study actually
means "RESPONSIBLE REPRESENTATION OBLIGATING THE REPRESENTED"!

[GEN 41:52] AND THE NAME OF THE SECOND CALLED HE EPHRAIM: FOR GOD HATH CAUSED ME TO BE FRUITFUL IN THE LAND OF MY AFFLICTION.


"EPHRAIM" MEANS A NATION OF ARISTOCRATS!

The second son of Joseph was named EPHRAIM whose name expresses the principle of nobility. Ephraim was to become the dominant Israelite Tribe in the British Isles. For better or for worse, Britain is distinguished from other nations by its monarchy and by its aristocrats.

"AND THE NAME OF THE SECOND CALLED HE EPHRAIM: FOR GOD HAS CAUSED ME TO BE FRUITFUL [Hebrew: "Hi-PhRa-Ni"] IN THE LAND OF MY AFFLICTION" [GENESIS 41;52].

The Hebrew word "hiphrani" translated above as, "caused me to be fruitful" based on the root "pri" (i.e. "fruit") may also be rendered as "powerful" and be linked to another root "PAR" meaning bull*x. The symbol of Joseph and Ephraim was a bull. "John Bull" is a nickname for England.

Someone who belonged to the Tribe of Ephraim was known as an Eprathite i.e. in Hebrew, an "Ephrathi". This was the usual application of the term. The name "Ephrathi" however could also denote a person living in Beth-Lehem of Judah! Beth-Lehem was in an area named "Ephrath".

Eben Shushan in his authoritative Hebrew dictionary ("HaMalon HaChadash", Jerusalem, 1979, in Hebrew) lists alternative meanings for the name "Ephrathi":

"#`EPHRATHI' 1. [derived from Eprath meaning Bethlehem] a dweller of Ephrath: "Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse.." (1Samuel 17;12).

"`2. [derived from EPHRAIM] a member of the Tribe of Ephraim: "And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite.." (1Kings 11;26).

"`3. [similised] aristocrat, honorable [so used due to the Tribe of Ephraim who were considered the greatest and most respected of Tribes]: "Every prince and great man that arose in Israel was given the name Ephrathi" (Pirkei de Rabbi Eliezer, 45).

"For they were Ephrathites, dwellers of the land and considered of refined character and humility" (Haromi, 28 530)...

"You are the sons of great men, Ephrathites of highbirth, sons of the highborn" (Agnon..).'#"

In Talmudic (e.g. Yalkut Shimeoni 1Samuel a;77) and Rabbinical Literature (Radak on 1Samuel 1;1) "Ephrathi" is taken to mean someone from the Tribe of Ephraim or of noble birth or both.

Rabbi David Kimchi ("Radak" 11571236) quoted (in his Commentary on 1Samuel 1;1) from much earlier sources concerning the meaning of "Ephrathi":

<<"In the mountain of Ephraim" may be exegetically explained as (hinting at) greatness and importance. "Ephrathi" said Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi means "Dweller of the Palace" [i.e. nobleman] and there are those [who explain Ephrathi to mean] an extremely great person living in holiness in Mount Ephraim.

In Britain exist two basic classes, Commoners and Nobility. Membership of the Aristocracy is acquired by birth though gifted and/or rich generous commoners may obtain an "honorary" title for the duration of their lifetime. The Legislature is comprised of the House of Commons and the House of Lords that has some limited veto rights. The Aristocracy to some extent overlaps with the ruling elite and has easier access to higher quality education and to economic advantage points.

It has been realized by Political Leaders (such as Oliver Cromwell) and Thinkers in the past that like it or not certain aspects of the Aristocratic System are intrinsic expressions of the British Nation and should not be done away with.
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