Subject: Hebraic Roots Glossary - Part 8
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 1998 22:59:02 +0000
To: "Hebraic Heritage Newsgroup"<heb_roots_chr@geocities.com>
From: JOHANVR <johanvr@srvnac3.nac.ac.za>
Subject: Comprehensive Glossary of Hebraic Terms - Part 8
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Reply-to: JOHANVR@NAC.AC.ZA
Expository Glossary
of Terms Used in
Messianic Teaching (Part 8)
Copyright February 1998
Expository Glossary of Terms used in Messianic Teaching
Order this Glossary from:
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Preface
This Expository Glossary of Terms used in Messianic Teaching was
developed for a Messianic study group that has been meeting in the
Helderberg area of South Africa since mid-1995. We plan to publish
three studies on the Messiah, entitled:
King Messiah
The Coming of King Messiah
The Festivals of King Messiah.
The Expository Glossary of Terms used in Messianic Teaching explains
unfamiliar terms that talmidim (students) will encounter in their
studies.
Students are requested to notify us (in writing) of all difficult
terms used in the three monographs listed above, which have been left
out, ore are not adequately explained, in the Glossary.
Key
Entries followed by the symbol [G] are Greek terms.
Entries followed by the symbol [L] are Latin terms.
Entries followed by the symbol [A] are Aramaic terms.
Almost all other foreign-language entries are Hebrew.
(Part 8)
Kadosh
Set-apart. Separated. Radically different. (Afrikaans: "gans
anders.") Customarily translated by the misleading and meaningless
term, "holy."
Kadoshim
Set-apart ones; often translated as "saints" in English translations
of the Tanakh. See Tzadekim.
KahalKahol
Synonymous to Kehilat.
Congregation, assembly of the people of YHWH. Often translated as
ekklesia in the Septuagint. The believer of today, Jewish or Gentile,
belongs to the same Kahal that stepped out of the Ark, the same Kahal
that stood tachat (at the foot of) Mount Sinai, the same Kahal that
received the Ruach HaKodesh on Shavuot in Yerushalayim, about 2000
years ago, when the eschatological Kahal was empowered as the power of
the Ruach HaKodesh came upon believers, giving them the firstfruits of
the powers of the Olam HaBa. Jewish believers are natural members of
that cultivated olive tree, while Gentile believers have been grafted
into that tree.
Conceptual chaos regarding the term "church" prevails today. The
problem is that we develop our understandings from translations, where
the term "church" first appears in the New Covenant scriptures.
Christian seminaries have historically trained pastors to understand
the "New Testament" scriptures against a Hellenistic background, by
looking at what the terms meant in ancient Greek society. The
conceptual darkness is dissolved once we realise that the New Covenant
scriptures are Jewish theological documents, passed to us in Greek,
the lingua franca of the day. Words should be understood by asking,
"what is the Hebraic concept behind this Greek term, and how was it
used (1) in the Tanakh, and (2) by the ancient Jewish sages?" How it
was used in pagan Greek culture is usually quite irrelevant. In this
way, sound hermeneutics can restore our sense of continuity with the
community of Avraham avinu (our father Avraham).
Some authors prefer not to use the term "church" at all, because it
derives from paganism-it is etymologically related to the temples of
Circe (alias Kirke), the daughter of the Sun-idol in Roman mythology.
In order to avoid conceptual chaos, we have used the terms
"congregation" and "assembly," and even "Kehilat" or "Kahal" in our
study monographs. Because language sets limits to the clarity of our
thinking, we should exercise extreme care to use it correctly.
Kalat Baraysheet
Literally: bride of Genesis; the woman called to recite or chant the
blessings over the first section of the Torah on Simchat Torah.
Kallah
Bride. Conclave or retreat.
Kaparah
Expiation.The ceremony of transferring sinfulness to the goat l'Azazel
during the Yom Kippur service.
Kaporet
The covering of the Ark of the Testimony. Seat of atonement.
Karah
A Pesach dish.
Karath
To cut (off, down or asunder). To destroy or consume. To cut a
covenant (i.e. make an alliance by cutting flesh and passing between
the pieces). "Being cut off" from the people is punishment which
might become capital or consist of early natural death.
Karpas
A green herb like parsley or a green vegetable such as celery or
watercress, symbolising spring; one of the symbolic foods used on the
Pesach Seder plate.
Kashrut
The dietary laws of the Torah.
Kavanah
Literally: intentionality; referring to the spiritual attitude with
which we approach worship.
KarathKareth
To cut off; by implication: to destroy or consume; to cut a covenant
by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces; to excommunicate; to
execute by death or to die an early death.
Dani'el 9:24-27 teaches that Mashiach HaNagid-the Anointed Ruler-will
be "cut off," i.e. that He would be killed and a covenant be cut
through His death. The prophecy makes it clear that He would be "cut
off" before the destruction of Yerushalayim and the Second Temple.
Which covenant would be cut by the death of Mashiach HaNagid? The
Tanakh answers: The B'rit Chadashah (Renewed Covenant) promised to the
Houses of Israel and Yahudah in Yirmeyahu 31:31-34. This prophecy
about Mashiach HaNagid also teaches that there will not be two
Messiahs-a suffering Servant and a conquering King-but only one
Messiah, who would both suffer a vicarious covenantal death and
(subsequently) be the ruling Messiah (Nagid). A close scrutiny of the
Talmud, especially Tractate Sanhedrin, shows that Dani'el 9:24-27 was
well understood by the Talmudists.
Karav
To come up and be present. Often translated as "at hand," it usually
does not mean that something is near, but that something has come up
and is now a present reality.
Kasday
Chaldean.
Kasda'im
Chaldeans.
Kashrut
The dietary laws prescribed in the Torah. Colossians 2:16-17 teaches
us that the dietary laws were given to teach about Messiah.
Kayin
Cain.
Kedushah
When the reader or cantor repeats the Amidah (standing prayer), the
congregation rises for this antiphonal chant of a doxology from
Scripture verses proclaiming the oneness and set-apartness of YHWH.
Kedushat Hayom
The benediction concerning the "set-apartness of the day" included in
the Amidah prayers on Sabbaths and Festivals.
Kehilat
See Kahal/Kahol.
Congregation.
Kehunah
Priesthood in the Beit HaMikdash.
Kehunah Gedolah
High Priesthood.
Kena'an
Canaan.
Kena'anim
Canaanites.
Keruv
Plural: Keruvim.
A type of heavenly messenger ("angel").
Kesed
Chesed. The loyal covenantal love of YHWH.
Keseh
See: Yom Teruah
Another name for Rosh HaShanah or Yom Teruah is Yom HaKeseh, the Day
of the Hiding, the Day of Concealment or or the Hidden Day. The term
keseh or is derived from the Hebrew root Kachah which means to
conceal, cover, or hide. A Jewish reference for Rosh HaShanah being
called The Hidden Day can be found in the book, The Complete Story of
Tishrei by Nissan Mindel, (Brooklyn, New York: Mekkos L'inyonei
Chinuch Inc, 1956).
Ketubah
A traditional Jewish marriage contract, detailing the duties of the
husband and the wife and stipulating the amount of money that the
husband should pay as a penalty should he divorce his wife.
Ketuvim
Literally: "the Writings;" the third section of the Tanakh.
Ketz
End of Days.
Kheder
Chamber.
Kiddush
Blessing recited or chanted over wine on Shabbat or festivals
emphasising their set-apartness.pour out first cup of wine / blessing
of setting-apart.by extension, a light meal after the wine.
Kiddush HaChodesh
The setting-apart of the New Moon.
Kiddush Levanah
The blessing of setting-apart over the monthly renewal of the moon.
Kiddushin
Literally: set-apart. Refers to the full wedding ceremony and the
state of being married.
King James Only
The erroneous belief that the King James (KJV) translation is
inerrant. Also called Ruchmanianism, after Dr Peter Ruchman, an
outspoken advocate of this view. Popularised by the popular Crucaders
comic, Sabotage, which is published by Chick Publications in the USA.
Welcome to the real world! Though the KJV is the least tainted by
theological modernism, there simply is no perfect translation of the
Scriptures, because translation is the work of fallible human beings.
While many love to make the King James Bible out to be a perfect
translation, in reality it is not. In one quick example, Acts 12:4
reads:
And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered
him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him: intending after
EASTER to bring him forth to the people.
This is the same Greek word translated as PASSOVER in over 25 passages
in the New Testament. In Luke 22:15 it is written,
"I have desired to eat this PASSOVER (3957) with you before I suffer"
Can you imagine Yahushua saying, "I have desired to eat this EASTER
with you before I suffer"? Horrid paganism!
The original KJV was printed in 1611. The present KJV has been
retranslated over 10 times. If you owned an original KJV, you could
not read and understand it because it is written in Old English.
English has changed a lot during the past 400 years.
Furthermore, the King James Bible displays an anti-Torah bias in the
translation because of the theology that prevailed when it was
translated. This same bias is still preached today in many
denominations. Beginning in the 3th century, this anti-Torah bias
began to gain a strong foothold within Christianity. Some of the
viewpoints of the heretic Marcion, who detested the Torah, are still
prevalent and taught in many churches today and are accepted as some
of the true doctrines found in the Epistles of Paul. In addition,
Jews were kicked out of England during the era of the printing and
influence of the King James Bible because the "Christian church" was
still steeped in many Catholic doctrines from the 4th century through
the Middle Ages.
Those who claim the KJV is the "pure Word" are living in fantasy.
These people are as deluded as the "sacred name" fanatics who claim
that if you don't use the correct Hebrew name for the Almighty and His
Messiah, you will "burn in hell." The KJV is inaccurate in many
areas. However, it is the most accurate English translation and based
upon less questionable transcripts. Modern translators, influenced by
liberalism, also have far less respect for the Word than the more
ancient translators. For that reason, the KJV is the least tainted
with liberalism, modernism and occultism. But perfect?-no! Only the
original Hebrew manuscripts are perfect. Because practically all of
the NT was conceived in Hebrew, and often mechanically rendered into
Greek, the translator and exegete should reconstruct the hidden
Semitic undertext that underlies the Greek New Testament.
Kippa
Small round head covering worn by Torah-observant men in a set-apart
place or when reading Scripture. It is a symbol of respect for and
submission to the Almighty. Some sages would not walk two steps
without their heads being covered, because the Sh'khinah is all around
us.
Christianity's tradition that men's heads should be uncovered in a
House of Prayer, is possibly based on a misunderstanding and
mistranslation of Sha'ul's instruction in 1 Corinthians 11:4.
Correctly understood, this verse means that men should not enter a
Beit Tefillah (house of worship) with their hair tangled up, hanging
down. (In the ancient Roman Empire, male homosexual prostitutes wore
their hair like this.) In other words, a man's hair and beard had to
be neatly shaven, and he had to have his head covered.
Kittel
White garment that is part of traditional Jewish burial clothes; worn
by some worshipers on Yom Kippur as a reminder of mortality and as a
symbol of purity.
Kinah
Plural: Kinot.
Lamentation. Elegy in poetic (piyyut) structure recited on Jewish
days of mourning.
Kittel
White garment that is part of traditional Jewish burial clothes; worn
by some worshipers on Yom Kippur as a reminder of mortality and a
symbol of purity, and by some officiants at Rosh HaShanah services and
at the Passover Seder. Also worn by some grooms at their wedding.
Kittim
Commonly translated as Cyprus, but anciently understood to denote Rome
in some passages, e.g. Numbers 24:24, where Targum Onkelos renders it
as Rome. The word Kittim is used in 8 verses in the Tanakh- Genesis
10:4, Numbers 24:24, 1Chronicles 1:7, Yesha'yahu 23:1,12; Yirmeyahu
2:10; Yechezk'el 27:6 and Dani'el 11:30.
Kiyor
Washstand. Laver.
K'naf
Corner, wing; corner of garment where the tzitzit are fastened.
Malachi 4:2 teaches that the Messiah will come as the Shemesh Tzadekah
(Sun of Righteousness) with healing in his k'nafim (wings, corners).
When correlated with the creation account of Genesis 1, the principle
that 1 day represents 1000 years, and the fact that the tzitzit
symbolises the Torah, this intimates to us that the Messiah would come
to earth as the Light of the World around the year 4000, and that He
will be the Living Torah. In the book of Ruth, we read how Ruth asked
the go'el (kinsman redeemer), Boaz, to spread the k'naf of his garment
over her. This is a beautiful intimation about the Messiah and His
bride.
Knowledge of good and evil
The possession of the full spectrum of knowledge, or attaining the
age of moral insight and responsibility.
Kodesh HaKodeshim
The Most Set-Apart Place; the "Holy of Holies" in the Beit HaMikdash
in Yerushalayim. This room housed the Ark of the Covenant. Only the
High Priest could enter this room, and that only on Yom Kippur.
Korban Asham
Guilt-offering; trespass offering.
Korban Hata'aat
Sin offering.
Korban Olah
Burnt offering.
Kush
Cush. Anciently, three territories bore the name Kush: (1)
Mesopotamia, (2) a region in Yemen, as well as (3) Sudan/Ethiopia. To
translate "Kush" as "Ethiopia" is therefore very misleading. Whenever
we read of a region "between the rivers of Kush," it signifies
Mesopotamia (Shinar; Babylon) and not Ethiopia. The commentaries of
some sages, e.g. Rabbi Ibn Ezra, testifies to this.
Kushim
Cushites.
Klaf
Hand-written scroll placed in a mezuzah, containing Deuteronomy 6:4-9
and 11:13-21.
Kodesh
Set-apart. Afrikaans: "gans anders." Misleadingly translated as
"holy."
Kodesh haKodeshim
The room behind the HaKodesh.
Kohelet
The scroll of "Ecclesiastes."
Kohen
Plural: Kohanim.
Descendant of the priestly class, the progeny of Aaron. A priest.
Kohen haGadol
The High Priest.
Kol Nidrei
Literally: "al vows;" a prayer that begins the Yom Kippur evening
service; the entire service is often called the Kol Nidrei service.a
prayer and announcement of repeal of all vows that is recited upon the
advent of the Day of Atonement. According to Rashi, Kol Nidrei was
instituted by some Geonim (Babylonian Jewish sages, heads of the
Talmudic academies in the Middle ages, circa 600-1100). The Geonim
were extremely divided about this practice. Kol Nidrei only applies
to personal religious vows which do not affect any other person. It
has no bearing on an oath imposed by law.
Korech
Matzah and bitter herb sandwich, eaten during the Pesach Seder meal.
Kosher
Yiddish for Kasher. Ritually fit for use.permitted.
Kri
The traditional pronunciation of words in the Torah.
K'tiv
The traditional spelling of words in the Torah.
Lamnatze'ach Ya'ancha HaShem
Psalm 20, recited on weekdays to mark sorrow and supplication.
Lappidoth
A torch; one who brings forth light. A term for the Messiah.
The account of Devorah, Barak, Ya'el and Sisera in Shovetim (Judges) 4
contains much teaching on the Messiah. The name Devorah means bee,
but is closely related to "Word" and "Congregation." She is married
to Lappidoth. She overcomes the enemy. She sits and judges between
Ramah and the mountains of Ephrayim. The sages understood Ramah as
the "seat of idolatry," while Ephrayim means fruitfulness. Likewise,
the Congregation who is married to the Torch, the Light of the World,
King Messiah, will overcome and will choose Ephrayim (fruitfulness)
above Ramah (idolatry). Barak means lightning. Yahushua's coming
will be like lightning that flashes from the east to the west-Habakkuk
3:3-4; Mattatiyahu 24:27. Ya'el crushed the head of Sisera, a picture
of Satan and the False messiah (cf. Genesis 3:15), with a yo'ted-a
term for the Messiah, who would crush the head of nachash (the
serpent) and the eschatological seed of nachash-the False messiah.
Lashon ha-kodesh
Literally: The set-apart tongue. The Hebrew language.
Lashon ha-ra
Literally: "Tongue that is evil." Evil speech; gossip and slander.
If one has a grievance against another, it should be settled
personally and privately. If, however, one instead gossips to a third
party, lashon ha-ra has occurred. This wicked tonge can be worse than
the original offense, and is expressly forbidden in the Torah.
Last Day
Yom YHWH. Note that the resurrection of the dead takes place in Yom
YHWH, the sabbatical millennium, the Last Day.
Lavan
Uncle of Ya'akov; father of Rachel and Leah. Literal translation:
"Whitey."
Lawlessness
To act as though there was no Torah; to act in radical opposition to
Torah. The goal of Torah is to instruct man in the righteousness that
is through Yahushua the Messiah, who has interposed his shed
sacrificial blood between us and the righteous demand of the Torah
that the wages of sin is death. The Man Yahushua the Messiah is the
only mediator between mankind and Elohim. The essence of the Torah is
to love UYUW your Elohim alone, with your entire being. The False
messiah will say that he is "Christ" and "God" and will demand
worship. This will make him the man of lawlessness-the man who seeks
to annul both the goal and the essence of Torah.
Note that wrong definitions of "lawlessness" abound in contemporary
Christian teaching. Many pastors do not understand the term at all,
because they have not learned to think in terms of the Hebrew
life-world of the first century. The term lawlessness does nót deal
with crime statistics, strikes and marches, but with the Torah of
UYUW. To teach that the Torah has been "cancelled in Christ" is
teaching lawlessness. It is especially the liberal "no Law" branch of
dispensationalism that is guilty of this incorrect teaching.
Lechem Mishneh
Two loaves required for the blessing on Sabbath and Festival meals.
Lehitpalel
Literally: "to judge oneself;" the Hebrew verb translated as "pray."
Leshanah Tovah Tikatevu
Literally: May you be inscribed [in the Book of Life] for a good year;
Rosh haShanah greeting, sometimes shortened to Shanah Tovah.
Levirate
The institution of the brother-in-law (marrying his brothers widow).
Levana
The moon. "The white one."
Lev-kamay
"That rise up against me." A prophetic term for Bavel (Babylon) in
Yirmeyahu 51:1.
Yirmeyahu 51:1-2:
1This is what YHWH says: "See, I will stir up the spirit of a
destroyer against Babylon and the people of Lev-Kamay. 2I will send
foreigners to Babylon to winnow her and to devastate her land; they
will oppose her on every side in the day of her disaster.
In the acharit-yamim, Bavel, the "hammer of the whole earth," i.e. the
policeman of the world, will rise up against YHWH by turning against
those in Israel who are jealous for the Torah and will therefore come
under judgement, because she destroys the inheritance of YHWH, the
apple of His eye. See: Meratayim.
Liv'yatan
Leviathan. A seven-headed, gigantic, twisted serpent that dwells in
the sea. Liv'yatan was a well-known character in ancient
Middle-eastern literature. YHWH uses this well-known symbol to give
graphic prophecies about Satan, the False messiah (Antichrist) and his
evil empire.
The word liv'yatan is derived from a root meaning "to coil" and "to
twist."
The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1912, Vol. VIII, p. 37-39 states:
The leviathan is prominent in haggadic literature in connection with
the advent of the Messiah. Referring to Job 41:6, "and the pious ones
shall make a banquet of it," Rabbi Yohanan says that in the time of
the resurrection a banquet will be given by Elohim to the righteous,
at which the flesh of the leviathan will be served.Elohim will divide
the monster with his sword.
These haggadot concerning the leviathan are interpreted as allegories
by [practically all Jewish] commentators.
In the.literature the "piercing leviathan" and the "crooked leviathan"
are interpreted as referring to Satan Sama'el [the celestial prince
over Rome]., while.others consider the expressions to be allusions to
the destruction of the powers which are hostile to the Jews.The
haggadic sayings obtained a hold on the imaginations of the poets, who
introduced allusions to the banquet of leviathan into the liturgy.
The Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 11, p. 90 states:
In the Scriptures, [leviathan] is used interchangeably with several
other sea-monsters-tanin ("dragon"), rahav, and yam ("sea")-all of
whom are represented as supernatural enemies of Elohim.
Lion
A great, morally and intellectually superior person; a distinguished
scholar of the Scriptures. King Messiah is the Lion from the Tribe of
Yahudah. See: Fox.
L'olam va'ed
For ever.
Order this Glossary from:
Johann van Rooyen
PO Box 5276
HELDERBERG
7135
SOUTH AFRICA
E-Mail: JOHANVR@NAC.AC.ZA
End of Part 8
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