Subject: Hebraic Roots Glossary - Part 10
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 1998 22:55:15 +0000
To: "Hebraic Heritage Newsgroup"<heb_roots_chr@geocities.com>
From: JOHANVR <johanvr@srvnac3.nac.ac.za>
Subject: Comprehensive Glossary of Hebraic Terms - Part 10
To: heb_roots_chr@geocities.com
Reply-to: JOHANVR@NAC.AC.ZA
Expository Glossary
of Terms Used in
Messianic Teaching (Part 10)
Copyright February 1998
Expository Glossary of Terms used in Messianic Teaching
Order this Glossary from:
Johann van Rooyen
PO Box 5276
HELDERBERG
7135
SOUTH AFRICA
Size: A4 pages
Price: R60.00 (postage included) (South Africa Currency)
Please send ______ copies of Glossary of Terms used in Messianic
Teaching, to:
Name: (Prof / Dr / Mr / Ms /
Pastor) __________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Postal code: ______________
Amount included: ______________
Please send ______ copies of Glossary of Terms used in Messianic
Teaching, to:
Name: (Prof / Dr / Mr / Ms /
Pastor) __________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Postal code: ______________
Amount included: ______________
Preface
This Expository Glossary of Terms used in Messianic Teaching was
developed for a Messianic study group that has been meeting in the
Helderberg area of South Africa since mid-1995. We plan to publish
three studies on the Messiah, entitled:
King Messiah
The Coming of King Messiah
The Festivals of King Messiah.
The Expository Glossary of Terms used in Messianic Teaching explains
unfamiliar terms that talmidim (students) will encounter in their
studies.
Students are requested to notify us (in writing) of all difficult
terms used in the three monographs listed above, which have been left
out, ore are not adequately explained, in the Glossary.
Key
Entries followed by the symbol [G] are Greek terms.
Entries followed by the symbol [L] are Latin terms.
Entries followed by the symbol [A] are Aramaic terms.
Almost all other foreign-language entries are Hebrew.
(Part 10)
Marcion
Also see: neo-Marcionism.
#Marcion was born around 100 C.E. (A.D.) at Sinope, a seaport located
#on the Black Sea coast of Asia Minor. His father was a leader in the
#church of Sinope. Marcion grew up in a Christian home, but it was
#most probably not the same type of Christianity known today. It
#appears that Marcion remained in fellowship with the church as long
#as he lived in Asia Minor. Many think that he shared his thoughts
#with leading churchmen of that region, such as Polycarp of Smyrna and
#Papias of Hierapolis. Sometime after 138 C.E., during the time of
#Antoninus Pius, Marcion traveled to Rome, the imperial city. When he
#arrived in Rome he made a generous contribution to the church.
Tradition says that he was a ship owner and very wealthy. He became
very active in the church and began to develop and teach his own
theology. We do not know if he originated this or if he simply taught
the Christianity of his home area. The Roman church leadership was so
disturbed by his doctrine that they not only actively rejected it, but
even refunded his contribution. However, their reaction didn't end
Marcion's influence.
As a devoted Christian, Marcion made his way to Rome (c.140) and
attached himself to the church there. He associated with the Syrian
Gnostic, Cerdo, who was in Rome, and developed unorthodox views that
brought him into conflict with the Roman church. Marcion was
excommunicated (c.144), but his beliefs continued to gain wider and
wider acceptance.
The main thesis of Marcion's system was that the gospel of Yeshua
(Yeshua) is entirely a gospel of love to the exclusion of the Mosaic
Law. He believed that the original gospel of Yeshua (Yeshua) had been
corrupted by Judaizing tendencies among the earliest disciples and
that the Old Testament had no validity for Christians (let me remind
you that this is the Bible Yeshua (Yeshua) used). According to
Marcion, only Saint Paul had correctly understood the original
teaching of Yeshua (Yeshua) . Marcion's distinction between the Old
Testament G-d of law and Paul's G-d of love has led to his being
called a Gnostic.
Marcion's Belief System
He regarded Paul as the only faithful apostle of Christ. In fact, he
maintained that the original apostles corrupted Yeshua' (Yeshua)
teachings by mixing it with legalism. This is the same message often
preached in the churches today when we hear "Replacement Theology" or
that we are no longer under the Law (Torah-teaching of G-d) but under
grace alone. I challenge you to reconcile that statement with Yeshua
(Yeshua) in Matt. 5:17 and following where he states that the Law will
never pass away until heaven and earth pass away.
Marcion rejected the Jewish Bible completely, and it is that
"replacement theology" that can be found in the majority of Christian
churches today. I find it rather amazing that shortly after the first
century the Gentile church in Rome rejected "anti-Semitism and
anti-Judaism" but would espouse it within another century! Marcion
distinguished the "God of the Old Testament" from the "God of the New
Testament and the Gospels." Marcion, being influenced by Persian
dualism (two forces in the universe, one good and one bad, who are
constantly fighting it out for supremacy) believed that these were two
individual deities, each within its own independent existence. First,
there was the Creator-God who created the material universe. This was
the God of Israel, which was a totally different God from the Father
spoken of in the Gospel of Christ. The Father God was the good and
merciful God and the God of Israel and the Old Testament was the bad
God.
Marcion's understanding followed the same line as that of the Gnostic
schools. They taught that the God who made the material world was an
inferior deity. He was inferior in both status and morality alike.
The superior deity or the supreme God was pure spirit. This idea is
reflected in doctrines which teach that flesh is evil and spirit is
good.
After being rejected by the church leadership in Rome, Marcion
withdrew from the Roman church and established a church of his own.
His church survived for several generations. A unique aspect of his
church was that it maintained its membership solely through
conversion. Celibacy was obligatory for every member. Another
interesting teaching of his was that there would be no discrimination
against female members in matters of privilege or function.
Marcion's Anti-Semitism
Marcion's new scriptures included no part of the Old Testament (Jewish
Bible) and were written in Greek. For Marcion the Old Testament had
passed away and was replaced by his "New Testament." Have you heard
this same thing preached in your churches before? For Marcion, the
church was to replace the synagogue, grace was to replace the Torah,
pagan holidays were to replace the Holy Days of the Lord as found in
Lev. 23, spiritual Israel was to replace physical Israel, and the
church was Israel's replacement and was now to receive all that had
been promised to Israel. This is replacement theology at its best.
#Marcion, who lived in the second century YM, completely rejected the
#Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) and wanted it excluded from the
#canon of Scripture. Marcion stressed the radical nature of
#Christianity vis-a-vis Judaism. In his theology there existed a
#total discontinuity between the OT and the New Testament, between
#Israel and the Church, and even between the "God of the OT" and the
#"Father of Jesus." Jesus came to reveal the "true God," who was
#totally unknown up to the Incarnation. Having been greatly
#influenced by the Gnostics, he taught a demiurgic theology-he claimed
#that the "God of the Old Testament" was cruel and a totally different
#being from the "loving God revealed in the New Testament." Marcion
#was so consumed with the belief that Paul's message of the grace of
#YHWH opposed the "Law," that he only used an edited portion of Paul's
#writings that agreed with his theology. He detested the Hebrew
#Scriptures and desired to root out the Jewish foundation of the faith
#altogether. He also detested New Testament books with a strong
#Hebraic setting, e.g. Revelation.
Polycarpos, a prominent Gentile believer and sage, who received direct
instruction from Yochanan the Apostle, called Marcion the "first-born
of Satan."
After having been excommunicated by the congregation at Rome, Marcion
founded his own sect which merged selected "New Testament doctrines"
with Gnosticism, creating a theology that was sharply dualistic,
violently antagonistic toward Judaism, ascetic and celibate, and
wielded a wide and destructive influence within Christianity.
Maror
A bitter herb such as horseradish, symbolising the bitter plight of
the enslaved Israelites; one of the symbolic foods used on the Pesach
Seder plate.
Marranoes
Forcibly converted Jews in Spain.
Mashach
Verb meaning to anoint with oil. The corresponding noun is
mashiach-an anointed one.
Mashiach
Messiah. (Greek: Christos.) The anointed, empowered One. The
Messiah was sent forth by the Father to accomplish the redemption of
man. Every king, prophet and high priest of Israel was called a
messiah. The anointed prophets spoke the Devar (Word) of UYUW to his
people, served as his instrument to work nissim (miracles) and
interceded on behalf of the people. The high priest served UYUW in
the services of the Beit HaMikdash (Temple), representing the people
before UYUW in services that taught that without the shedding of
blood, there is no remission of sins. The king had to rule with
justice, as good shepherds who applied the principles of YHWH's
kingship on earth. The king was anointed as the one chosen by YHWH to
represent His rulership in Israel and to bear witness to His glory
before the nations. These three offices were pictures of the Messiah,
who is the Prophet, the High Priest and the King. In Messiah's first
coming, the emphasis was on the prophet who spoke the Devar and the
high priest who actively interposed his own shed sacrificial blood
between YHWH and the sinner as a kapparah (atoning covering) for our
sin. At present, the emphasis in the work of the Messiah is on the
role of the interceding High Priest. In His second coming, the
emphasis will be on His role as King. Yet He will always stand in all
three these offices.
The term messiah is an Anglicisation of the Latin word messias, which
is a transliteration of the Greek messias, a translation of the
Aramaic meshiha, which is in turn a translation and shortening of the
Hebrew HaMelekh HaMashiach-"the King Messiah."
Some prophetic terms for the Messiah are summarised in Table G.. We
leave it to the reader to extend the list and fill in additional
references.
Table G.: Some prophetic titles of the Messiah
Prophetic TitleReference The Coming OneMalachi 3:1 & Z'kharyah 9:9The
Elect OneYesha'yahu 42:1AdonTehillim 110:1Son of ManDani'el 7:13The
SonTehillim 2Immanu'elYesha'yahu 7-8The Branch (Tzemach)Yesha'yahu
11:1; Yirmeyahu 23:5bThe Banner (Nissi)Yesha'yahu 11:10; 18:3The
CapstoneTehillim 118:22The Green TreeRabbinic title (Yechezk'el
20:47)Seed of the WomanGenesis 3:15The Alef and the TovZ'kharyah
12:10; Genesis 1:1The Man the Son of PeretzRabbinic title (Ruth
4:18)Son of the CloudsRabbinic title (Dani'el 7:13)The Messenger of
UYUWGenesis 22; Exodus 3; .The Messenger of the PresenceYesha'yahu
63:9The Arm of UYUWYesha'yahu 40-66The YotedThe Shield (Magen)Psalm
84:9; Yesha'yahu 21:5bThe Lion of the tribe of YahudahGenesis 49;
Revelation 4-5The Go'el (Redeemer)(many)The Eved (Servant) of
UYUWYesha'yahu 42-53The Rock(many)The ProphetDevarim 18The Good
ShepherdGenesis 49; Z'kharyah 11 & 13The Teacher of RighteousnessYo'el
2:23The Sun of RighteousnessGenesis 1:14-18; Malachi 4:2The Light of
the WorldGenesis 1:14-18; Yesha'yahu 9:2ShilohGenesis
49:10bShiloachYesha'yahu 8:6Wonderful CounsellorMighty ElFather of
TimePrince of PeaceYesha'yahu 9:6
In Table G. we have listed some of the names that ancient Jewish sages
ascribed to the Messiah.
Table G.:
Some names ascribed to King Messiah in ancient rabbinic sources.
(Lamentations Rabba, Midrash Mishle, S. Buber's note to Midrash
Mishle, Targum to 1 Chronicles. Quoted in Patai (1979:21-23, 81-83)).
Name of MessiahMeaning of the nameYHWHPersonal Name of the
AlmightyYinnonTo continue foreverTzemachShoot,
BranchPeleMiracleYo'etzCounsellor, advisorMashiachThe Anointed
OneElMighty One before whom we trembleGivvorMighty HeroAvi'Ad
ShalomEverlasting Father of PeaceTzidkenuOur
Justice/RighteousnessMenachemComforter[My Servant] David(cf.
Yechezk'el 34:23 & 37:24)ShilohHim to whom the right
belongsHaninaFavourNehiraLightBar-NifleSon of the CloudsAnaniHe of the
cloudsThe Green TreeYechezk'el 20:45-49; Luke 23:31ben-AdamSon of
Manben-DavidSon of Davidben-YosefSon of Josephben-ElohimSon of
ElohimhaNaviThe ProphetHaMorehThe Teacher
Masoretic Text
The accepted Hebrew text of scriptures.
Matan Torah
The giving of the Torah.
Matzah
Unleavened bread.
Matzor
Besieged places.
Mayim Chaiyim
Living Waters.
Mattan Torah
The giving of the Torah (teaching, instruction), specifically on Mount
Sinai.
Mattanot Le-Evyonim
Giving to the poor.
Matzah
Plural: Matzot.
Unleavened bread.The unleavened bread eaten in recollection of the
hurried departure from Egypt; the eating of matzah is obligatory only
at the Pesach Seder.
Mayim Chayim
Living waters.
Meat offered to Idols
I has been suggested that Paul's statements in 1Corinthians 8:1-13;
10:7, 14-28 conflict the ruling against eating meat offered up to
idols (Acts 15:10, 29; 21:25; Revelation 2:14, 20). However there is
in reality no conflict.
Acts chapter 15 does not give an exhaustive enumeration of all of the
laws which apply to gentiles, but rather the "greater burden" or outer
limits of the Noachide or Gentile Law (Acts 15:28). This is based on
a Jewish principle called kal v'khomer (light and heavy) which
recognises that certain commandments are of greater weight than others
(see Mattatiyahu 23:23; the principle is used in Mattatiyahu 12:11-12
& Yahchanan 7:22-23). There was never any question as to whether
Gentiles could forsake justice, blaspheme, murder or steal; so there
was no need to list these with the greatest burden of Gentile Law.
The Noachide Law against idolatry is given very strict borders.
Idolatry is to include eating meat offered to idols.
Now in 1Corinthians 8:1-13; 10:7, 14-28 Paul agrees that one may not
knowingly eat meat offered up to idols. The halakhic issue Paul
questions, is whether or not one must ask when purchasing meat whether
or not it has been offered to idols. Paul argues (based on Tehillim
24:1=1Corinthians 10:26, 28) that meat is not actually altered by the
idol but that eating such meat appears to others to endorse the idol
to which it was offered. If meat is advertised as having been offered
to idols, then believers may not eat it, since this would appear to
endorse the idol. However, since the idol has no real power over the
meat, believers are not required to ask, since this would imply that
the believer believed that the idol had power over the meat, thus
ascribing power to the idol and endorsing idolatry by acknowledging
the idols alleged power.
A basis for Paul's argument can be found by comparing Paul's summation
of his argument in 1Corinthians 10:28 to the story of the martyr
Eleazar in 2Maccabbes 6:1-29. Eleazer was a prominent Jew under the
Helene rule. A day came when all of the Jews were to show their
loyalty by eating meat offered to idols at a public feast. Eleazar
was not willing to do so, but because of his prominence, the
authorities offered to allow him to sneak kasher meat into the feast
and eat it instead, thus only appearing to eat meat offered up to
idols. Eleazer refused, knowing that this would appear to endorse
idolatry, despite the fact that the meat would be kasher. As a result
Eleazar was executed. This story demonstrates that eating meat
offered to idols is wrong, not because of the meat itself, but because
of the implied edndorcement of the idolatry. Thus Paul's
interpretation does not conflict with Acts 15 but actually implies a
very strict interpretation, by which eating kasher meat would also be
forbidden, if the meat were falsely advertised as having been offered
to an idol.
Melekh
King.
Meni
A pagan moon goddess.
Menorah
Plural: Menorot.
The seven-branched lampstand of solid gold that stood in the HaKodesh
of the Temple. Today, people commonly refer to a Chanukiah as a
menorah.
The usual translation "seven candlesticks" in Revelation 1-3 should
actually read "seven-branched menorah." Note that Yahushua stands in
the middle of the menorah of Revelation-the position of the Shamash or
servant-just as the Z} of Genesis 1:1 stands in the middle of the
seven Hebrew words of Genesis 1:1. Because the Z} can not be directly
rendered into Greek, the "alef and the tav" is explicitly rendered as
"the Alpha and the Omega" in the Book of Revelation.
At a midrashic level of interpretation, we may relate the "Seven
Spirits" or "sevenfold Spirit" of YHWH, which is mentioned in
Revelation, to a Menorah, each branch bringing light and revelation to
mankind. In Yesha'yahu 11 we see a sevenfold of attributes of the
Ruach of YHWH, which is upon the Anointed One in their full measure:
1. The Spirit of YHWH (i.e. His life-giving Breath; His
Person-in-action).
2. The Spirit of Chokhmah (Wisdom).
3. The Spirit of Binah (Understanding).
4. The Spirit of Yo'etz (Counsel).
5. The Spirit of Gibor (Might).
6. The Spirit of Da'at (Knowledge).
7. The Spirit of ha-Yirat YHWH (the Fear of YHWH).
Mesorah
The traditional essential requirements in the writing of a Torah
scroll.
Mezuzah
Plural: Mezuzot.
(Literally: doorpost). Cylindrical container with letter shin (V) and
text from the Sh'ma that is put on the doorpost(s) of the house.
Megillah
Plural: Megillot.
Literally: scroll. A scroll of one of the following five books of
Scripture: Esther, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations and Kohelet
(Ecclesiastes); thus there are five megillot in the Scriptures. Each
is read on a particular mo'ed, as summarised in Table G..
Table G.
Megillot read at specific Occasions.
OccasionMegillahPesach Song of SongsShavuotRutTishah
Be'AvLamentationsSukkotKoheletPurim Esther
Melekh
King.
Memra [A]
Aramaic equivalent of Devar (Word; Divine expression).
Menachem
Comforter. The Ruach HaKodesh manifesting as comforter, as
interceding advocate, of the individual and the covenant people.
Greek: Parakletos. Also a title for the Messiah, the Comforter of
Yisra'el.
Menuchah
Rest. The rest that the believers will enter in when King Messiah
comes, of which we now have the firstfruits in our hearts.
Meratayim
Intense bitterness; double rebellion. A prophetic term for Bavel
(Babylon), the policeman of the world, the queen of the kingdoms, in
Yirmeyahu 50:21-25.
Yirmeyahu 50:21-25
21"Attack the land of Meratayim and those who live in Pekod. Pursue,
kill and completely destroy them," declares YHWH. "Do everything I
have commanded you."
22The noise of battle is in the land, the noise of great destruction!
23How broken and shattered is the hammer of the whole earth! How
desolate is Bavel among the nations!
24I set a trap for you, O Bavel, and you were caught before you knew
it; you were found and captured because you opposed YHWH.
25YHWH has opened his arsenal and brought out the weapons of his
wrath, for Adonai YHWH Tzva'ot has work to do in the land of the
Kasda'im (Chaldeans).
Meshek
Mesech. Yechezk'el 38:2-3; 39:1. Linked by some commentators to the
name Moscow. Some Talmudic rabbis saw that historical Ashshur under
Sancheiriv is a prophetic picture of eschatological Gog from the land
of Magog. As early as 1913, Professor H.A. Ironside of the Moody
Bible Institute in Chicago, stated that historical Assyria equals
eschatological Russia.
Metatron
Jewish tradition teaches that Metatron is the name of the malakh
(messenger, "angel") spoken of in Exodus 23:21, where YHWH states: "My
name is in him," so that Metatron bears the Tetragrammaton, "YHWH"
(Jewish Encyclopedia, 1912, Vol. 8, p. 519). Even though he bears the
ineffable Name, the rabbis stated (Babylonian Talmud, Tractate
Sanhedrin 38b) that Metatron may not be worshiped-they taught that
YHWH commanded, "Exchange Me not for him." The sages taught that
Metatron is the prince of the world, a teacher of the Torah and a
power in heaven. The Zohar (a mystical cabalistic work) states that
Metatron is the "Son of Man" who is only slightly lower than YHWH
(after Psalm 8:6). Some rabbis also identified Metatron as the Malakh
ha-Panim or "Messenger of the Presence," spoken of in Yesha'yahu 63:9.
The term "metatron" means "guide." In rabbinic tradition then,
Metatron is the unique malakh (messenger) of the Presence, who bears
the Tetragrammaton, YHWH, and guided the Children of Yisra'el through
the wilderness to the promised land. In the pseudepigraphic book of
Enoch, Metatron is called the "most excellent of the heavenly host"
and "the guide to all the treasures of my Elohim." In some rabbinic
works, he is called "Metatron Messiah" i.e. the "Anointed Metatron."
A specific ancient prayer said on Yom Kippur by ancient Messianic
Jewish believers is directed to the Almighty, "ad-iad Yeshu
Metatron"-through Yeshua Metatron.
It is important to remind ourselves that aggadic rabbinic teachings
about Metatron are of a characteristic playful, speculative nature,
and is subservient to the full revelation of Scripture.
Midat HaDin
The attribute of justice of YHWH. The name YHWH is expressive of the
Creator's mercy and loyal covenantal love, while the term Elohim
expresses Him as the righteous Judge. Drawing on a mathematical
understanding of Exodus 20:5-6, the sages taught that the attribute of
mercy is at least times stronger than the attribute of retributive
justice.
In Me'am Lo'az-The Torah Anthology: Yom Kippur Service (Kaplan, 1982:
59), the teachings of the sages concerning the attributes designated
by the names YHWH and Elohim, are set out as follows:
The Almighty directs Israel with two attributes: the Attribute of
Justice (midath HaDin) and the Attribute of Mercy (midath HaRachamim).
The Almighty therefore said, "I am YHWH your Elohim."
The name YHWH denotes the Attribute of Mercy. The Almighty is saying,
"I am trusted to give good reward to those who follow my ways, but I
am also your Elohim. I can also direct the Attribute of Justice
against you and punish those who violate my commandments."
Middot
Our character essence and heart-attitude, specifically as it manifests
in the way we treat others.
Midrash
Plural: Midrashim.
1) A method of interpreting the Tanakh, stressing the allegorical
method of interpretation. It is also a homiletic way of looking at a
text, as opposed to an exegetical approach. An inquiry, an
investigation. A rabbinic exposition of the text of Scripture,
squeezing it to get more and more meaning out of it.
2) The name of certain specific collections of commentaries which have
employed the midrashic method of interpretation. A collection of
works compiled between the third and twelfth centuries that seeks out
underlying truths and meanings of the Scriptures; the result of the
process of delving into the ramifications of a verse of Scripture and
of the ancient rabbis' reading between the lines of Scripture. The
best known collection of midrashim is called the Midrash Rabbah, which
is a commentary on the entire Torah plus the five megilot. Although
compiled sometime between the fourth and fifth centuries CE, Midrash
Rabbah includes some material from Yahushua's time and even before.
Migdal Eder
Stronghold or tower of the sheep-flock.
Micah 4: 8
And thou, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of
Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom
shall come to the daughter of Yerushalayim.
The phrase "tower of the flock," according to Strong's, is a
particular location called Migdal Eder, just outside of Beit-Lechem
(Bethlehem). The Mishnah tells that Levitical shepherds were require
to raise the animals for Temple sacrifices within a prescribed radius
from Yerushalayim. Those "suburbs" of Yerushalayim that fell within
that radius were called Bat-Zion, i.e. the "Daughter of Tzion."
The shepherds who watched over the flocks raised for sacrifices in the
Temple were not ignorant country bumpkins, but Levites who erected
towers (migdal) from which they watched over the sacrificial flocks.
Yeshua's birth, probably occurred in a sukkah adjacent to Migdal Eder,
the Levitical watchtower just outside Beit Lechem. The Levitical
shepherds would recognize the Messiah wrapped in swaddling
cloths-the priestly undergarments.
When one stands at Migdal Eder, Beit-Lechem can be seen in the
distance. The word migdal can also be understood to be a stronghold.
Mikdash Me'at
Literally: a small set-apart place. The home is seen as such, and the
father of the household is as a priest serving the Almighty in his own
house.
Mikha
Micah. Shortened form of Mikhayahu.
Mikha'el
Michael. Literally: "Who is like El."
Mikrah
Something that is called out, i.e. a public meeting (the act, the
persons, or the place); rehearsal, assembly, convocation.
Mikrah Kodesh
A set-apart meeting, rehearsal, convocation.
Mikvah
A pool of water for immersing the body to purify it from ritual
uncleanliness. Immersion in a mikveh is also obligatory for
proselytes to Judaism, as part of the ceremony of conversion. A
mikveh contains at least 40 measures of water.
Mikveh
Something that is waited and hoped for in confidence.
Millennium
The 1000 year rule of the Messiah during Yom YHWH. Several approaches
to the Millennium mentioned in Revelation 20 are found in theology:
Premillennialism states that the Messiah returns prior to the
Millennium, establishing the Kingdom.
Amillennialism states that there will be no literal 1000 year
Messianic reign, and that the prophecies about His reign are
fulfilled, spiritually, in His present heavenly reign over His Church
on earth.
Postmillennialism states that the Church will triumph before the
return of the Messiah and that the triumphant Church will enter into
this Millennium. After the horrors of WW2, classical
postmillennialism seemed in danger of losing all adherents because
serious doubts were cast on the perfectability of the Church.
However, the rise of Reconstructionism and Kingdom Now Theology within
the Charismatic Movement has swelled the ranks of the
Postmillennialist movement. The sermons of Postmillennialists are
characterised by optimistic and almost militant references to the
"Triumphant endtime Church." To teach this triumphalism from the
Tanakh, replacement theology, which "swaps" the term Church for
Israel, is employed. Postmillennialists refer to their optimistic
views as the "Biblical eschatology of victory." Non-Charismatic
postmillennialists are usually Theonomianists and hold the Law in high
regard.
Personally, I regard Premillennialism as the correct view.
Some branches of the Charismatic movement currently teaches a somewhat
bizarre mixture of premillennialism and postmillennialism.
Minchah
Plural: Menachot.
To apportion, i.e. bestow; a donation; tribute; specifically a
sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary). Gift,
offering, present, sacrifice.afternoon prayer; name of Temple
sacrifice.evening prayers during the day.a gift offering in the
Temple.an offering made of flour and oil.
Minyan
Quorum of ten adult Jews necessary for public prayer.
Miryam
"Mary." Miryam was the most common name given to Hebrew women, 2000
years ago.
Mishkan
A residence, dwelling, habitation; specifically the Tabernacle.
Mishnah
The collection of the Oral Torah committed to writing around 200 CE
under Rabbi Yahudah haNasi.
Mishpachah
Family, i.e. circle of relatives.
Mishpat
Plural: Mishpatim.
Judgement; right-ruling. Ethical commandments of the Torah. In
contrast to a chukah, a mishpat makes sense to the rational mind.
Mitzrayim
Egypt.
Mitzvah
Plural: Mitzvot.
Literally: Commandment; a religious precept or obligation; mitzvah
refers to one of the 613 commandments in the Torah.a good deed.
Mitzvat Aseh
A commandment-to-do, a positive command.
Mitzvat Lo Ta'aseh
A commandment-not-to-do, a prohibition.
Order this Glossary from:
Johann van Rooyen
PO Box 5276
HELDERBERG
7135
SOUTH AFRICA
E-Mail: JOHANVR@NAC.AC.ZA
End of Part 10
**********************************************************************