HHMI Newsgroup Archives
From: Eddie Chumney
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: Chapter 9: The United Nations Israel / Arab Peace
Process (Part 1
of 2)
CHAPTER 9
The United Nations Israel / Arab Peace Process
from the book by Eddie Chumney
"RESTORING THE TWO HOUSES OF ISRAEL"
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
CHAPTER 9
THE UNITED NATIONS ISRAEL / ARAB PEACE PROCESS
(Part 1 of 2)
Since Israel became a nation in 1948,
she has fought numerous wars with her Arab neighbors. While Israel has won all of these
wars, she may be losing the "peace." In the June 1967
six-day war, Israel defeated her Arab neighbors and captured the Biblical land
of Judea and Samaria (West Bank) and the city of Jerusalem
(Yerushalayim) become a united city under Israeli control. The Biblical
land of Judea and Samaria is known in the Western world as the
"West Bank". In the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel gained control of the
Golan Heights. Following these wars, the nation of Israel became increasingly interested in having peace and entering into
peace agreements with her Arab neighbors. Therefore, in the years
to come, Israel made peace agreements with Egypt (1979) and with
Jordan (1994). The United States became the facilitator of these
peace agreements.
In the early 1990's, Israel began to enter
into peace negotiations
with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). With the help
of
the United States, the result of these peace negotiations was the
signing of the Declaration of Principles with the PLO (Oslo I) on
September 13, 1993 at the White House in Washington D.C.
With further
help by the United States, Israel and the PLO signed Oslo II in
1995.
The Oslo Accords are intended to become the framework for
establishing
a permanent peace between Israel and the PLO as well as the basis
for
Israel to establish peace with all of her Arab neighbors in the
years
to come.
Because the United States has
played such a central and active role in bringing Israel and her Arab neighbors together to
discuss peace with each other, it could be perceived that the United
States is acting independently to achieve peace between Israel and
her Arab neighbors so that they could sign bilateral agreements with
each other. However, it may come as a surprise to most of our
readers that nothing could be farther from the truth. In fact, it is the
desire of the United States that all peace agreements between Israel
and her Arab neighbors be United Nations based peace agreements. In
reality, the United States is working as an agent in the peace
agreements between Israel and her Arab neighbors to ensure that the
goals, intent and purpose for the founding of the United Nations
is realized. In other words, in desiring for Israel to make
peace with her Arab neighbors, the foreign policy of the United States
is to advance the cause of the United Nations.
The purpose of this chapter
is to show our readers that the United States has been actively involved in promoting peace
between Israel and her Arab neighbors making sure that any signed
agreements are based upon United Nations resolutions. It was the goal of
the founders of the United Nations that the United Nations
would be an organization that would be used to promote, encourage and
establish World Government at some point in the future.
The Bible teaches that at some
point in history, there will be World
Government headed by the False Messiah known to the house of
Israel
(Christianity) as the anti-Christ (Daniel 7, Revelation 13). When
World Government is established, the False Messiah will enter
into a
peace agreement with the nation of Israel guaranteeing her peace
and
security. In I Thessalonians 5:1-3 it is written:
"But of the times and the seasons, brethren,
you have no need that I write unto you. For yourselves know perfectly that
the day of the Lord so comes as a thief in the night. For when they
shall say, Peace and safety (security) then sudden destruction
comes upon them, as travail upon a woman with child (Chevlai
shel Mashiach / birth pangs of the Messiah); and they shall not
escape."
In this chapter, we
will see how the peace agreements that the
United States has helped to negotiate between Israel and her Arab
neighbors have been based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and
338. Furthermore, United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338 is
based upon the principle of peace with security. Therefore, the United
States is hastening the day when Israel will enter into an ominous
peace agreement with the False Messiah in the end of days. Quite
possibly, the False Messiah will try to enforce peace between Israel
and her Arab neighbors by guaranteeing the terms and conditions of
United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338 --- peace with
security.
In the rest of
this chapter, the text of United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338 will be shown. Then, peace agreements and peace negotiations between Israel and her Arab neighbors will be
reviewed highlighting those parts of the agreements which specify
that these agreements are based upon United Nations Resolutions 242
and 338.
The
source of the text of the peace agreements and
negotiations between Israel and her Arab neighbors comes from
the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs website located at (http://www.mfa.gov.il) and is
used with permission. For
further detailed study of these documents and other matters
pertaining to the nation of Israel, please visit the Israel
Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.
U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 242
(November 22, 1967)
The Security Council ---
Expressing its continuing concern with the grave situation in the
Middle East,
Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory
by war
and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every
State
in the area can live in security,
Emphasizing further that all Member States in their acceptance of
the
Charter of the United Nations have undertaken a commitment to act
in
accordance with Article 2 of the Charter,
1. Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter
principles requires the
establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East
which
should include the application of both the following principles:
(a) Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from
territories occupied in
the recent conflict; (b) Termination of all claims or states of
belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the
sovereignty,
territorial integrity and political independence of every State
in the
area and their right to live in peace within secure and
recognized
boundaries free from threats or acts of force;
2. Affirms further the necessity:
(a) For guaranteeing freedom of navigation through international
waterways in the area;
(b) For achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem;
(c) For guaranteeing the territorial inviolability and political
independence of every State in the area, through measures
including
the establishment of demilitarized zones;
3. Requests the Secretary General to designate a Special
Representative to proceed to the Middle East to establish and
maintain
contacts with the States concerned in order to promote agreement
and
assist efforts to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement in
accordance with the provisions and principles in this resolution;
4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the
Security Council
on the progress of the efforts of the Special Representative as
soon
as possible.
U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 338
(October 22, 1973)
The Security Council,
1. Calls upon all parties to present fighting to cease
all firing
and terminate all military activity immediately, no later than 12
hours after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in the
positions after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in
the
positions they now occupy;
2. Calls upon all parties concerned to start immediately
after the cease-fire the implementation of Security Council
Resolution
242 (1967) in all of its parts;
3. Decides that, immediately and concurrently with the
cease-fire, negotiations start between the
parties concerned
under appropriate auspices aimed at establishing a just and
durable
peace in the Middle East.
ISRAEL ENTERS INTO PEACE WITH EGYPT
In the late 1970's,
Israel entered into peace negotiations with the nation of Egypt. After twelve days of secret negotiations
at Camp David, the Israeli-Egyptian negotiations were concluded
with the signing at the White House of two agreements. First, the
Camp David Accords were signed on September 17, 1978. Then, a full
peace agreement between Israel and Egypt was signed on March 26,
1979. President Carter witnessed the accords that were signed by
Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin. The
United States helped to negotiate these agreements. They are based upon
United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338. Those parts of the
agreement which highlight that they are based upon United Nations
Resolution 242 and 338 will be presented.
Camp David Accords
(September 17, 1978)
THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS
The Framework for Peace in the Middle East
Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat, President of
the Arab Republic of Egypt, and
Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, met with Jimmy Carter,
President of the United States of America, at Camp David from
September 5 to September 17, 1978, and have agreed on the
following
framework for peace in the Middle East. They invite other parties
to
the Arab-Israel conflict to adhere to it.
PREAMBLE
The search for peace in the Middle East must be guided by the
following:
The agreed
basis for a peaceful settlement of the conflict
between
Israel and its neighbors is United Nations Security
Council
Resolution 242, in all its parts . The provisions of
the
Charter of the United Nations and the other accepted
norms of
international law and legitimacy now provide
accepted
standards for the conduct of relations among all
states.
To achieve a
relationship of peace, in the spirit of Article 2
of the United Nations
Charter, future negotiations between
Israel and any
neighbor prepared to negotiate peace and
security with it are
necessary for the purpose of carrying out
all the provisions and
principles of Resolutions 242 and 338.
FRAMEWORK
Taking these factors into account, the parties are determined to
reach
a just, comprehensive, and durable settlement of the Middle East
conflict through the conclusion of peace treaties based on
Security
Council resolutions 242 and 338 in all their parts. Their purpose
is
to achieve peace and good neighborly relations. They recognize
that
for peace to endure, it must involve all those who have been most
deeply affected by the conflict. They therefore agree that this
framework, as appropriate, is intended by them to constitute a
basis
for peace not only between Egypt and Israel, but also between
Israel
and each of its other neighbors which is prepared to negotiate
peace
with Israel on this basis. With that objective in mind, they have
agreed to proceed as follows:
A. West Bank and Gaza
1. Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the representatives of the
Palestinian people should participate in negotiations on
the resolution of the Palestinian problem in all its
aspects. To achieve that objective, negotiations relating
to the West Bank and Gaza should proceed in three
stages . The negotiations shall be based on all the
provisions and
principles of UN Security Council Resolution 242 .
The United States shall be invited to participate in the talks on
matters related to the modalities of the implementation of the
agreements and working out the timetable for the carrying out of
the
obligations of the parties. The United Nations Security Council
shall
be requested to endorse the peace treaties and ensure that their
provisions shall not be violated. The permanent members of the
Security Council shall be requested to underwrite the peace
treaties
and ensure respect or the provisions .
For the Government of Israel:
Menachem Begin
For the Government of
the Arab Republic of Egypt
Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat
Witnessed by
Jimmy Carter,
President of the United States of America
FRAMEWORK FOR THE CONCLUSION OF
A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL
In order to achieve peace between them, Israel and
Egypt agree to
negotiate in good faith with a goal of concluding within three
months
of the signing of this framework a peace treaty between them:
It is agreed that:
The site of the negotiations will be under a United Nations flag
at a
location or locations to be mutually agreed. All of the
principles of
U.N. Resolution 242 will apply in this resolution of the dispute
between Israel and Egypt .
For the Government of
the Arab Republic of Egypt: Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat
For the Government of Israel: Menachem Begin
Witnessed by:
Jimmy Carter, President of the United States of America
ISRAEL'S PEACE TREATY WITH EGYPT IS BASED UPON U.N. RESOLUTIONS
242
AND 338
Sixteen months after Sadat's visit to Israel, the
Israel-Egypt peace treaty was signed in Washington. This peace treaty between
Israel and Egypt was based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and
338. Those parts of the agreement which highlight that this peace
treaty was based upon United Nations Resolution 242 and 338 will be
presented.
PEACE TREATY BETWEEN ISRAEL AND EGYPT
(March 26, 1979)
The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the
Government of the State of Israel;
PREAMBLE
Convinced of the urgent necessity of the establishment of a just,
comprehensive and lasting peace in the Middle East in accordance
with
Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338;
Reaffirming their adherence to the "Framework for Peace in
the Middle
East Agreed at Camp David," dated September 17, 1978;
Noting that the aforementioned Framework as appropriate is
intended to
constitute a basis for peace not only between Egypt and Israel
but
also between Israel and each of its other Arab neighbors which is
prepared to negotiate peace with it on this basis .
For the Government of Israel
For the Government of the
Arab Republic of Egypt
Witnessed by:
Jimmy Carter
President of the United States of America
ISRAEL'S PEACE INITIATIVE WITH THE ARABS
The following peace initiative was formulated by Prime Minister
Shamir
(Likud) and Defense Minister Rabin (Labour) and represents the
consensus of Israel policy in the National unity government in
the
late 1980's. The part of the peace initiative that highlights the
commitment to United Nations Resolution 242 and 338 will be
presented.
ISRAEL'S PEACE INITIATIVE
(May 14, 1989)
GENERAL:
1. This document presents the principles of a political
initiative of the Government of Israel which
deals with the
continuation of the peace process; the termination of the state
of war
with the Arab states; a solution for the Arabs of Judea, Samaria
and
the Gaza district; peace with Jordan; and a resolution of the
problem
of the residents of the refugee camps in Judea, Samaria and the
Gaza
district .
THE PRINCIPLES CONSTITUTING
THE INITIATIVE:
The interlock between the stages is a timetable on
which the Plan is built: the peace process delineated by the initiative is
based on Resolutions 242 and 338 upon which the Camp David Accords
are founded
.
THE MADRID PEACE CONFERENCE
Following the 1991
Gulf War, US Secretary of State James Baker made eight trips to
the Middle East in eight months. As a result of the shuttle
diplomacy by James Baker, the United States invited Israel,
Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Palestinians to enter
into peace negotiations that were to be held in Madrid, Spain.
The following contains the invitation to the Madrid Peace
Conference that was held on October 30, 1991. The invitation
was jointly issued by the United States and the Soviet Union.
Only the part of the invitation that highlights the
commitment of the peace talks to United Nations Resolution 242 and 338
will be presented.
LETTER OF INVITATION TO
MADRID PEACE CONFERENCE
(October 30, 1991)
After
extensive consultations with Arab states, Israel and the
Palestinians, the United States and the Soviet Union believe
that an historic opportunity exists to advance the prospects
for genuine peace throughout the region. The United
States and the Soviet Union are prepared to assist the
parties to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace
settlement, through direct negotiations along two tracks,
between Israel and the Arab states, and between Israel and
the Palestinians, based on United Nations Security
Council Resolutions 242 and 338. The objective of this
process is real peace. Toward that end, the president of the
U.S. and the president of the USSR invite you to a peace
conference, which their countries will co-sponsor, followed
immediately by direct negotiations. The conference will be
convened in Madrid on October 30, 1991.
President Bush and President Gorbachev request your acceptance of
this
invitation no later than 6 P.M. Washington time, October 23,
1991, in
order to ensure proper organization and preparation of the
conference. The European Community will be a participant in the conference,
alongside the United States and the Soviet Union and will be
represented by its presidency . the negotiations between Israel
and
the Arab states, will take place on the basis of Resolutions 242
and
338 .
YASSER ARAFAT ACCEPTS
UNITED NATION RESOLUTIONS 242 AND 338
Beginning with the Madrid peace conference, talks continued
between
Israel and the PLO. Eventually, these talks resulted in an
agreement between Israel and the PLO termed the "Declaration of
Principles" which was signed at the White House in Washington D.C. on
September 13, 1993. In preparation for the signing of this agreement,
Yasser Arafat sent a letter to Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin
acknowledging Israel's right to exist while reaffirming that peace
negotiations would be based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338.
The letter from Yasser Arafat to Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin
is given below. Following Arafat's letter to Rabin is Prime Minister
Rabin's reply to PLO leader Yasser Arafat.
LETTER FROM YASSER ARAFAT
TO PRIME MINISTER RABIN
September 9, 1993
Yitzhak Rabin
Prime Minister of Israel
Mr. Prime Minister,
The signing of the Declaration of
Principles marks a new era in the history of the Middle East. In firm
conviction thereof, I would like to confirm the following PLO
commitments:
The PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel to exist in
peace
and security.
The PLO accepts United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242
and
338.
The PLO commits itself to the Middle East peace process, and to a
peaceful resolution of the conflict between the two sides and
declares
that all outstanding issues relating to permanent status will be
resolved through negotiations .
In view of the promise of a
new era and the signing of the Declaration of Principles
and based on Palestinian acceptance of Security Council
Resolutions 242 and 338, the PLO affirms that those articles of the
Palestinian Covenant which deny Israel's right to exist, and
the provisions of the Covenant which are inconsistent with
the commitments of this letter are now inoperative and no
longer valid. Consequently, the PLO undertakes to submit to the
Palestinian National Council for formal approval the
necessary changes in the Palestinian Covenant.
Sincerely,
Yasser Arafat
Chairman
The Palestine Liberation Organization
LETTER FROM PRIME MINISTER RABIN
TO YASSER ARAFAT
September 9, 1993
Yasser Arafat
Chairman
The Palestinian Liberation Organization
Mr. Chairman,
In response to your letter of September 9, 1993, I wish to
confirm to
you that, in light of the PLO commitments included in your
letter, the
Government of Israel has decided to recognize the PLO as the
representative of the Palestinian people and commence
negotiations
with the PLO within the Middle East peace process.
Yitzhak Rabin
Prime Minister of Israel
THE DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES
AGREEMENT IS BASED UPON
U.N. RESOLUTIONS 242 AND 338
Declaration of Principles on Interim
Self-Government Arrangements
September 13, 1993
The Government of the State of Israel and the P.L.O. team (in the
Jordanian-Palestinian delegation to the Middle East Peace
Conference)
(the "Palestinian Delegation"), representing the
Palestinian people,
agree that it is time to put an end to decades of confrontation
and
conflict, recognize their mutual legitimate and political rights,
and
strive to live in peaceful coexistence and mutual dignity and
security
and achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement
and
historic reconciliation through the agreed political process.
Accordingly, the two sides agree to the following principles;
ARTICLE I
AIM OF THE NEGOTIATIONS
The aim of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations within the
current
Middle East peace process is, among other things, to establish a
Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority, the elected
Council
(the "Council"), for the Palestinian people in the West
Bank and the
Gaza Strip, for a transitional period not exceeding five years,
leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council
Resolutions 242 and 338. It is understood that the interim
arrangements are an integral part of the whole peace process and
that
the negotiations on the permanent status will lead to the
implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 .
Done at Washington, D.C., this thirteenth day of September 1993.
For the
Government of Israel
For the
P.L.O.
Witnessed
By:
The United
States of America
The
Russian Federation
(End Part 1 of 2)
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