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From: Eddie Chumney
To:      heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: Chapter 9: The United Nations Israel / Arab Peace Process  (Part 1 of 2)


                                        CHAPTER 9

             The United Nations Israel / Arab Peace Process


                      from the book by Eddie Chumney

              "RESTORING THE TWO HOUSES OF ISRAEL"

       
                  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


                                   CHAPTER 9

THE UNITED NATIONS ISRAEL / ARAB PEACE PROCESS

                                     (Part 1 of 2)


Since Israel became a nation in 1948, she has fought numerous wars with her Arab neighbors. While Israel has won all of these wars, she may be losing the "peace." In the June 1967 six-day war, Israel defeated her Arab neighbors and captured the Biblical land of Judea and Samaria (West Bank) and the city of Jerusalem (Yerushalayim) become a united city under Israeli control. The Biblical land of Judea and Samaria is known in the Western world as the "West Bank". In the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel gained control of the Golan Heights. Following these wars, the nation of Israel became increasingly interested in having peace and entering into peace agreements with her Arab neighbors. Therefore, in the years to come, Israel made peace agreements with Egypt (1979) and with Jordan (1994). The United States became the facilitator of these peace agreements.

In the early 1990's, Israel began to enter into peace negotiations with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). With the help of the United States, the result of these peace negotiations was the signing of the Declaration of Principles with the PLO (Oslo I) on September 13, 1993 at the White House in Washington D.C.  With further help by the United States, Israel and the PLO signed Oslo II in 1995. The Oslo Accords are intended to become the framework for establishing a permanent peace between Israel and the PLO as well as the basis for Israel to establish peace with all of her Arab neighbors in the years to come.

Because the United States has played such a central and active role in bringing Israel and her Arab neighbors together to discuss peace with each other, it could be perceived that the United States is acting independently to achieve peace between Israel and her Arab neighbors so that they could sign bilateral agreements with each other. However, it may come as a surprise to most of our readers that nothing could be farther from the truth. In fact, it is the desire of the United States that all peace agreements between Israel and her Arab neighbors be United Nations based peace agreements. In reality, the United States is working as an agent in the peace agreements between Israel and her Arab neighbors to ensure that the goals, intent and purpose for the founding of the United Nations is realized. In other words, in desiring for Israel to make peace with her Arab neighbors, the foreign policy of the United States is to advance the cause of the United Nations.

The purpose of this chapter is to show our readers that the United States has been actively involved in promoting peace between Israel and her Arab neighbors making sure that any signed agreements are based upon United Nations resolutions. It was the goal of the founders of the United Nations that the United Nations would be an organization that would be used to promote, encourage and establish World Government  at some point in the future.

The Bible teaches that at some point in history, there will be World Government headed by the False Messiah known to the house of Israel (Christianity) as the anti-Christ (Daniel 7, Revelation 13). When World Government is established, the False Messiah will enter into a peace agreement with the nation of Israel guaranteeing her peace and security. In I Thessalonians 5:1-3 it is written:

"But of the times and the seasons, brethren, you have no need that I write unto you. For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so comes as a thief in the night. For when they shall say, Peace and safety (security) then sudden destruction comes upon them, as travail upon a woman with child (Chevlai shel Mashiach / birth pangs of the Messiah); and they shall not escape."

In this chapter, we will see how the peace agreements that the United States has helped to negotiate between Israel and her Arab neighbors have been based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338. Furthermore, United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338 is based upon the principle of peace with security. Therefore, the United States is hastening the day when Israel will enter into an ominous peace agreement with the False Messiah in the end of days. Quite possibly, the False Messiah will try to enforce peace between Israel and her Arab neighbors by guaranteeing the terms and conditions of United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338 --- peace with security. 

In the rest of this chapter, the text of United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338 will be shown. Then, peace agreements and peace negotiations between Israel and her Arab neighbors will be reviewed highlighting those parts of the agreements which specify that these agreements are based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338.

The source of the text of the peace agreements and negotiations between Israel and her Arab neighbors comes from the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs website located at (http://www.mfa.gov.il) and is used with permission. For further detailed study of these documents and other matters pertaining to the nation of Israel, please visit the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.

U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 242
(November 22, 1967)

The Security Council ---

Expressing its continuing concern with the grave situation in the Middle East,

Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security,

Emphasizing further that all Member States in their acceptance of the Charter of the United Nations have undertaken a commitment to act in accordance with Article 2 of the Charter,

1. Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles:

(a) Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict; (b) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force;

2. Affirms further the necessity:

(a) For guaranteeing freedom of navigation through international waterways in the area;

(b) For achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem;

(c) For guaranteeing the territorial inviolability and political independence of every State in the area, through measures including the establishment of demilitarized zones;

3. Requests the Secretary General to designate a Special Representative to proceed to the Middle East to establish and maintain contacts with the States concerned in order to promote agreement and assist efforts to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the provisions and principles in this resolution;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the progress of the efforts of the Special Representative as soon as possible.

U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 338 (October 22, 1973)

The Security Council,

1. Calls upon all parties to present fighting to cease all firing and terminate all military activity immediately, no later than 12 hours after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in the
positions after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in the positions they now occupy;

2. Calls upon all parties concerned to start immediately after the cease-fire the implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) in all of its parts;

3. Decides that, immediately and concurrently with the cease-fire, negotiations start between the parties concerned under appropriate auspices aimed at establishing a just and durable
peace in the Middle East.

ISRAEL ENTERS INTO PEACE WITH EGYPT

In the late 1970's, Israel entered into peace negotiations with the nation of Egypt. After twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the Israeli-Egyptian negotiations were concluded with the signing at the White House of two agreements. First, the Camp David Accords were signed on September 17, 1978. Then, a full peace agreement between Israel and Egypt was signed on March 26, 1979. President Carter witnessed the accords that were signed by Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin. The United States helped to negotiate these agreements. They are based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338. Those parts of the agreement which highlight that they are based upon United Nations Resolution 242 and 338 will be presented.

Camp David Accords
(September 17, 1978)

THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS
The Framework for Peace in the Middle East

Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, met with Jimmy Carter, President of the United States of America, at Camp David from September 5 to September 17, 1978, and have agreed on the following framework for peace in the Middle East. They invite other parties to the Arab-Israel conflict to adhere to it.

                                               PREAMBLE

The search for peace in the Middle East must be guided by the following:

          The agreed basis for a peaceful settlement of the conflict
          between Israel and its neighbors is United Nations Security
          Council Resolution 242, in all its parts . The provisions of
          the Charter of the United Nations and the other accepted
          norms of international law and legitimacy now provide
          accepted standards for the conduct of relations among all
          states.

        To achieve a relationship of peace, in the spirit of Article 2
        of the United Nations Charter, future negotiations between
        Israel and any neighbor prepared to negotiate peace and
        security with it are necessary for the purpose of carrying out
        all the provisions and principles of Resolutions 242 and 338.

                                             FRAMEWORK

Taking these factors into account, the parties are determined to reach a just, comprehensive, and durable settlement of the Middle East conflict through the conclusion of peace treaties based on Security Council resolutions 242 and 338 in all their parts. Their purpose is to achieve peace and good neighborly relations. They recognize that for peace to endure, it must involve all those who have been most deeply affected by the conflict. They therefore agree that this framework, as appropriate, is intended by them to constitute a basis for peace not only between Egypt and Israel, but also between Israel and each of its other neighbors which is prepared to negotiate peace with Israel on this basis. With that objective in mind, they have agreed to proceed as follows:

A. West Bank and Gaza

1. Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the representatives of the Palestinian people should participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects. To achieve that objective, negotiations relating to the West Bank and Gaza should proceed in three stages . The negotiations shall be based on all the  provisions and principles of UN Security Council Resolution 242 .

The United States shall be invited to participate in the talks on matters related to the modalities of the implementation of the agreements and working out the timetable for the carrying out of the
obligations of the parties. The United Nations Security Council shall be requested to endorse the peace treaties and ensure that their provisions shall not be violated. The permanent members of the Security Council shall be requested to underwrite the peace treaties and ensure respect or the provisions .

                     For the Government of Israel:
                     Menachem Begin

                     For the Government of
                     the Arab Republic of Egypt
                     Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat

                     Witnessed by
                     Jimmy Carter,
                     President of the United States of America


                       FRAMEWORK FOR THE CONCLUSION OF
              A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL

In order to achieve peace between them, Israel and Egypt agree to negotiate in good faith with a goal of concluding within three months of the signing of this framework a peace treaty between them:

It is agreed that:

The site of the negotiations will be under a United Nations flag at a location or locations to be mutually agreed. All of the principles of U.N. Resolution 242 will apply in this resolution of the dispute between Israel and Egypt .

For the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt: Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat

For the Government of Israel: Menachem Begin

Witnessed by: Jimmy Carter, President of the United States of America


ISRAEL'S PEACE TREATY WITH EGYPT IS BASED UPON U.N. RESOLUTIONS 242 AND 338

 Sixteen months after Sadat's visit to Israel, the Israel-Egypt peace treaty was signed in Washington. This peace treaty between Israel and Egypt was based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338. Those parts of the agreement which highlight that this peace treaty was based upon United Nations Resolution 242 and 338 will be presented.

PEACE TREATY BETWEEN ISRAEL AND EGYPT
(March 26, 1979)

The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Government of the State of Israel;   

 PREAMBLE

Convinced of the urgent necessity of the establishment of a just, comprehensive and lasting peace in the Middle East in accordance with Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338;

Reaffirming their adherence to the "Framework for Peace in the Middle East Agreed at Camp David," dated September 17, 1978;

Noting that the aforementioned Framework as appropriate is intended to constitute a basis for peace not only between Egypt and Israel but also between Israel and each of its other Arab neighbors which is prepared to negotiate peace with it on this basis .

For the Government of Israel

For the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Witnessed by: Jimmy Carter President of the United States of America


ISRAEL'S PEACE INITIATIVE WITH THE ARABS

The following peace initiative was formulated by Prime Minister Shamir (Likud) and Defense Minister Rabin (Labour) and represents the consensus of Israel policy in the National unity government in the late 1980's. The part of the peace initiative that highlights the commitment to United Nations Resolution 242 and 338 will be presented.


ISRAEL'S PEACE INITIATIVE
(May 14, 1989)

GENERAL:

1. This document presents the principles of a political initiative of the Government of Israel which deals with the continuation of the peace process; the termination of the state of war with the Arab states; a solution for the Arabs of Judea, Samaria and the Gaza district; peace with Jordan; and a resolution of the problem of the residents of the refugee camps in Judea, Samaria and the Gaza district .

THE PRINCIPLES CONSTITUTING THE INITIATIVE:

The interlock between the stages is a timetable on which the Plan is built: the peace process delineated by the initiative is based on Resolutions 242 and 338 upon which the Camp David Accords are founded
 .

THE MADRID PEACE CONFERENCE

Following the 1991 Gulf War, US Secretary of State James Baker made eight trips to the Middle East in eight months. As a result of the shuttle diplomacy by James Baker, the United States invited Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Palestinians to enter into peace negotiations that were to be held in Madrid, Spain. The following contains the invitation to the Madrid Peace Conference that was held on October 30, 1991. The invitation was jointly issued by the United States and the Soviet Union. Only the part of the invitation that highlights the commitment of the peace talks to United Nations Resolution 242 and 338 will be presented.

LETTER OF INVITATION TO MADRID PEACE CONFERENCE
(October 30, 1991)

After extensive consultations with Arab states, Israel and the Palestinians, the United States and the Soviet Union believe that an historic opportunity exists to advance the prospects for genuine peace throughout the region. The United States and the Soviet Union are prepared to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement, through direct negotiations along two tracks, between Israel and the Arab states, and between Israel and the Palestinians, based on United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. The objective of this process is real peace. Toward that end, the president of the U.S. and the president of the USSR invite you to a peace conference, which their countries will co-sponsor, followed immediately by direct negotiations. The conference will be convened in Madrid on October 30, 1991.

President Bush and President Gorbachev request your acceptance of this invitation no later than 6 P.M. Washington time, October 23, 1991, in order to ensure proper organization and preparation of the conference. The European Community will be a participant in the conference, alongside the United States and the Soviet Union and will be represented by its presidency . the negotiations between Israel and the Arab states, will take place on the basis of Resolutions 242 and 338 .

YASSER ARAFAT ACCEPTS UNITED NATION RESOLUTIONS 242 AND 338

 Beginning with the Madrid peace conference, talks continued between  Israel and the PLO. Eventually, these talks resulted in an agreement between Israel and the PLO termed the "Declaration of Principles" which was signed at the White House in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993. In preparation for the signing of this agreement, Yasser Arafat sent a letter to Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin acknowledging Israel's right to exist while reaffirming that peace negotiations would be based upon United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338. The letter from Yasser Arafat to Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin is given below. Following Arafat's letter to Rabin is Prime Minister Rabin's reply to PLO leader Yasser Arafat.

LETTER FROM YASSER ARAFAT TO PRIME MINISTER RABIN

September 9, 1993

Yitzhak Rabin
Prime Minister of Israel

Mr. Prime Minister,

The signing of the Declaration of Principles marks a new era in the history of the Middle East. In firm conviction thereof, I would like to confirm the following PLO commitments:

The PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel to exist in peace and security.

The PLO accepts United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338.

The PLO commits itself to the Middle East peace process, and to a peaceful resolution of the conflict between the two sides and declares that all outstanding issues relating to permanent status will be resolved through negotiations .

In view of the promise of a new era and the signing of the Declaration of Principles and based on Palestinian acceptance of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, the PLO affirms that those articles of the Palestinian Covenant which deny Israel's right to exist, and the provisions of the Covenant which are inconsistent with the commitments of this letter are now inoperative and no longer valid. Consequently, the PLO undertakes to submit to the Palestinian National Council for formal approval the necessary changes in the Palestinian Covenant.

Sincerely,

Yasser Arafat
Chairman
The Palestine Liberation Organization

LETTER FROM PRIME MINISTER RABIN TO YASSER ARAFAT

September 9, 1993

Yasser Arafat
Chairman
The Palestinian Liberation Organization

Mr. Chairman,

In response to your letter of September 9, 1993, I wish to confirm to you that, in light of the PLO commitments included in your letter, the Government of Israel has decided to recognize the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and commence negotiations with the PLO within the Middle East peace process.

Yitzhak Rabin
Prime Minister of Israel


THE DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AGREEMENT IS BASED UPON U.N. RESOLUTIONS 242 AND 338

Declaration of Principles on Interim
Self-Government Arrangements
September 13, 1993

The Government of the State of Israel and the P.L.O. team (in the Jordanian-Palestinian delegation to the Middle East Peace Conference) (the "Palestinian Delegation"), representing the Palestinian people, agree that it is time to put an end to decades of confrontation and conflict, recognize their mutual legitimate and political rights, and strive to live in peaceful coexistence and mutual dignity and security and achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement and historic reconciliation through the agreed political process. Accordingly, the two sides agree to the following principles;

ARTICLE I
AIM OF THE NEGOTIATIONS

The aim of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations within the current Middle East peace process is, among other things, to establish a Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority, the elected Council (the "Council"), for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, for a transitional period not exceeding five years, leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. It is understood that the interim arrangements are an integral part of the whole peace process and that the negotiations on the permanent status will lead to the implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 .

Done at Washington, D.C., this thirteenth day of September 1993.

For the Government of Israel
For the P.L.O.

Witnessed By:

The United States of America
The Russian Federation

                          (End Part 1 of 2)

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